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CVE-2025-22045— x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于flush_tlb_range在清除普通PMD条目时行为不当。

CVSS 7.8 · High EPSS 0.24% · P14

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1068 · Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Affected Version Matrix 20

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536< 618d5612ecb7bfc1c85342daafeb2b47e29e77a3 affected
016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536< 556d446068f90981e5d71ca686bdaccdd545d491 affected
016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536< 0a8f806ea6b5dd64b3d1f05ff774817d5f7ddbd1 affected
016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536< 0708fd6bd8161871bfbadced2ca4319b84ab44fe affected
016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536< 7085895c59e4057ffae17f58990ccb630087d0d2 affected
016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536< 93224deb50a8d20df3884f3672ce9f982129aa50 affected
016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536< 320ac1af4c0bdb92c864dc9250d1329234820edf affected
016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536< 78d6f9a9eb2a5da6fcbd76d6191d24b0dcc321be affected
… +12 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-22045

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs On the following path, flush_tlb_range() can be used for zapping normal PMD entries (PMD entries that point to page tables) together with the PTE entries in the pointed-to page table: collapse_pte_mapped_thp pmdp_collapse_flush flush_tlb_range The arm64 version of flush_tlb_range() has a comment describing that it can be used for page table removal, and does not use any last-level invalidation optimizations. Fix the X86 version by making it behave the same way. Currently, X86 only uses this information for the following two purposes, which I think means the issue doesn't have much impact: - In native_flush_tlb_multi() for checking if lazy TLB CPUs need to be IPI'd to avoid issues with speculative page table walks. - In Hyper-V TLB paravirtualization, again for lazy TLB stuff. The patch "x86/mm: only invalidate final translations with INVLPGB" which is currently under review (see <https://lore.kernel.org/all/20241230175550.4046587-13-riel@surriel.com/>) would probably be making the impact of this a lot worse.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于flush_tlb_range在清除普通PMD条目时行为不当。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536 ~ 618d5612ecb7bfc1c85342daafeb2b47e29e77a3 -
Linux Linux 4.20 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-22045

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-22045

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-22045 (1)

Other References for CVE-2025-22045 (8)

Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-04-16 · 127 CVEs total

CVE-2025-22021 10.0 CRITICAL netfilter: socket: Lookup orig tuple for IPv6 SNAT
CVE-2025-22110 9.8 CRITICAL netfilter: nfnetlink_queue: Initialize ctx to avoid memory allocation error
CVE-2025-22077 9.8 CRITICAL Revert "smb: client: fix TCP timers deadlock after rmmod"
CVE-2025-22088 9.8 CRITICAL RDMA/erdma: Prevent use-after-free in erdma_accept_newconn()
CVE-2025-22074 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix r_count dec/increment mismatch
CVE-2025-23133 8.8 HIGH wifi: ath11k: update channel list in reg notifier instead reg worker
CVE-2025-22118 8.8 HIGH ice: validate queue quanta parameters to prevent OOB access
CVE-2025-22086 8.8 HIGH RDMA/mlx5: Fix mlx5_poll_one() cur_qp update flow
CVE-2025-22040 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix session use-after-free in multichannel connection
CVE-2025-22041 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix use-after-free in ksmbd_sessions_deregister()
CVE-2025-22039 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix overflow in dacloffset bounds check
CVE-2024-58096 8.8 HIGH wifi: ath11k: add srng->lock for ath11k_hal_srng_* in monitor mode
CVE-2025-22117 8.7 HIGH ice: fix using untrusted value of pkt_len in ice_vc_fdir_parse_raw()
CVE-2025-22108 8.6 HIGH bnxt_en: Mask the bd_cnt field in the TX BD properly
CVE-2025-22121 8.4 HIGH ext4: fix out-of-bound read in ext4_xattr_inode_dec_ref_all()
CVE-2025-22080 8.4 HIGH fs/ntfs3: Prevent integer overflow in hdr_first_de()
CVE-2025-22038 8.3 HIGH ksmbd: validate zero num_subauth before sub_auth is accessed
CVE-2025-22043 8.1 HIGH ksmbd: add bounds check for durable handle context
CVE-2025-22042 8.1 HIGH ksmbd: add bounds check for create lease context
CVE-2025-22049 7.8 HIGH LoongArch: Increase ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN up to 16

Showing top 20 of 127 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-22045

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