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CVE-2025-22149— JWK Set's HTTP client only overwrites and appends JWK to local cache during refresh

Quick assessment

Affected
MicahParks jwkset
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

JWK Set是Micah Parks个人开发者的一个 JWK 和 JWK-Set 实现。提供了一个自动缓存 JWK-Set HTTP 客户端。 JWK Set 0.6.0之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于HTTP客户端在刷新远程JWK集时错误地覆盖或追加本地缓存，而不是进行完整替换，导致对于依赖自动缓存HTTP客户端且视密钥移除为撤销的场景构成安全风险。

AI Predicted 6.5 Difficulty: Easy EPSS 0.56% · P45

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1557 · Adversary-in-the-Middle
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-22149

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
JWK Set's HTTP client only overwrites and appends JWK to local cache during refresh
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
JWK Set (JSON Web Key Set) is a JWK and JWK Set Go implementation. Prior to 0.6.0, the project's provided HTTP client's local JWK Set cache should do a full replacement when the goroutine refreshes the remote JWK Set. The current behavior is to overwrite or append. This is a security issue for use cases that utilize the provided auto-caching HTTP client and where key removal from a JWK Set is equivalent to revocation. The affected auto-caching HTTP client was added in version v0.5.0 and fixed in v0.6.0. The only workaround would be to remove the provided auto-caching HTTP client and replace it with a custom implementation. This involves setting the HTTPClientStorageOptions.RefreshInterval to zero (or not specifying the value).
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
在过期或释放后对资源进行操作
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
JWK Set 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
JWK Set是Micah Parks个人开发者的一个 JWK 和 JWK-Set 实现。提供了一个自动缓存 JWK-Set HTTP 客户端。 JWK Set 0.6.0之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于HTTP客户端在刷新远程JWK集时错误地覆盖或追加本地缓存，而不是进行完整替换，导致对于依赖自动缓存HTTP客户端且视密钥移除为撤销的场景构成安全风险。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
MicahParks jwkset >= 0.5.0, < 0.6.0 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-22149

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-22149

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-22149 (1)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-22149 (1)

Other References for CVE-2025-22149 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same weakness: CWE-672

V. Comments for CVE-2025-22149

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