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CVE-2025-23135— RISC-V: KVM: Teardown riscv specific bits after kvm_exit

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于RISC-V KVM模块卸载顺序不当，可能导致IRQ状态不一致。

AI Predicted 4.0 Difficulty: Moderate EPSS 0.19% · P8

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1055 · Process Injection

Affected Version Matrix 12

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 54e43320c2ba0c70258a3aea690da38c6ea3293c< ce906c4ae572554f4ea4381d7d0a4ab39f5fca5d affected
54e43320c2ba0c70258a3aea690da38c6ea3293c< b7236c52151c91f7b83a42d6ec5728a49e06416f affected
54e43320c2ba0c70258a3aea690da38c6ea3293c< 1edb2de48616b11ee05e9a65d74c70abcb6d9939 affected
54e43320c2ba0c70258a3aea690da38c6ea3293c< 1521cc04f0b6e737ff30105aa57fa9dde8493231 affected
54e43320c2ba0c70258a3aea690da38c6ea3293c< 2d117e67f318303f6ab699a5511d1fac3f170545 affected
6.4 affected
< 6.4 unaffected
6.6.160≤ 6.6.* unaffected
… +4 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-23135

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
RISC-V: KVM: Teardown riscv specific bits after kvm_exit
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RISC-V: KVM: Teardown riscv specific bits after kvm_exit During a module removal, kvm_exit invokes arch specific disable call which disables AIA. However, we invoke aia_exit before kvm_exit resulting in the following warning. KVM kernel module can't be inserted afterwards due to inconsistent state of IRQ. [25469.031389] percpu IRQ 31 still enabled on CPU0! [25469.031732] WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 943 at kernel/irq/manage.c:2476 __free_percpu_irq+0xa2/0x150 [25469.031804] Modules linked in: kvm(-) [25469.031848] CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 943 Comm: rmmod Not tainted 6.14.0-rc5-06947-g91c763118f47-dirty #2 [25469.031905] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT) [25469.031928] epc : __free_percpu_irq+0xa2/0x150 [25469.031976] ra : __free_percpu_irq+0xa2/0x150 [25469.032197] epc : ffffffff8007db1e ra : ffffffff8007db1e sp : ff2000000088bd50 [25469.032241] gp : ffffffff8131cef8 tp : ff60000080b96400 t0 : ff2000000088baf8 [25469.032285] t1 : fffffffffffffffc t2 : 5249207570637265 s0 : ff2000000088bd90 [25469.032329] s1 : ff60000098b21080 a0 : 037d527a15eb4f00 a1 : 037d527a15eb4f00 [25469.032372] a2 : 0000000000000023 a3 : 0000000000000001 a4 : ffffffff8122dbf8 [25469.032410] a5 : 0000000000000fff a6 : 0000000000000000 a7 : ffffffff8122dc10 [25469.032448] s2 : ff60000080c22eb0 s3 : 0000000200000022 s4 : 000000000000001f [25469.032488] s5 : ff60000080c22e00 s6 : ffffffff80c351c0 s7 : 0000000000000000 [25469.032582] s8 : 0000000000000003 s9 : 000055556b7fb490 s10: 00007ffff0e12fa0 [25469.032621] s11: 00007ffff0e13e9a t3 : ffffffff81354ac7 t4 : ffffffff81354ac7 [25469.032664] t5 : ffffffff81354ac8 t6 : ffffffff81354ac7 [25469.032698] status: 0000000200000100 badaddr: ffffffff8007db1e cause: 0000000000000003 [25469.032738] [<ffffffff8007db1e>] __free_percpu_irq+0xa2/0x150 [25469.032797] [<ffffffff8007dbfc>] free_percpu_irq+0x30/0x5e [25469.032856] [<ffffffff013a57dc>] kvm_riscv_aia_exit+0x40/0x42 [kvm] [25469.033947] [<ffffffff013b4e82>] cleanup_module+0x10/0x32 [kvm] [25469.035300] [<ffffffff8009b150>] __riscv_sys_delete_module+0x18e/0x1fc [25469.035374] [<ffffffff8000c1ca>] syscall_handler+0x3a/0x46 [25469.035456] [<ffffffff809ec9a4>] do_trap_ecall_u+0x72/0x134 [25469.035536] [<ffffffff809f5e18>] handle_exception+0x148/0x156 Invoke aia_exit and other arch specific cleanup functions after kvm_exit so that disable gets a chance to be called first before exit.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于RISC-V KVM模块卸载顺序不当，可能导致IRQ状态不一致。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 54e43320c2ba0c70258a3aea690da38c6ea3293c ~ ce906c4ae572554f4ea4381d7d0a4ab39f5fca5d -
Linux Linux 6.4 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-23135

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-23135

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-23135 (3)

Other References for CVE-2025-23135 (2)

Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-04-16 · 127 CVEs total

CVE-2025-22021 10.0 CRITICAL netfilter: socket: Lookup orig tuple for IPv6 SNAT
CVE-2025-22077 9.8 CRITICAL Revert "smb: client: fix TCP timers deadlock after rmmod"
CVE-2025-22110 9.8 CRITICAL netfilter: nfnetlink_queue: Initialize ctx to avoid memory allocation error
CVE-2025-22088 9.8 CRITICAL RDMA/erdma: Prevent use-after-free in erdma_accept_newconn()
CVE-2025-22040 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix session use-after-free in multichannel connection
CVE-2025-22074 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix r_count dec/increment mismatch
CVE-2025-22086 8.8 HIGH RDMA/mlx5: Fix mlx5_poll_one() cur_qp update flow
CVE-2025-23133 8.8 HIGH wifi: ath11k: update channel list in reg notifier instead reg worker
CVE-2024-58096 8.8 HIGH wifi: ath11k: add srng->lock for ath11k_hal_srng_* in monitor mode
CVE-2025-22039 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix overflow in dacloffset bounds check
CVE-2025-22041 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix use-after-free in ksmbd_sessions_deregister()
CVE-2025-22118 8.8 HIGH ice: validate queue quanta parameters to prevent OOB access
CVE-2025-22117 8.7 HIGH ice: fix using untrusted value of pkt_len in ice_vc_fdir_parse_raw()
CVE-2025-22108 8.6 HIGH bnxt_en: Mask the bd_cnt field in the TX BD properly
CVE-2025-22080 8.4 HIGH fs/ntfs3: Prevent integer overflow in hdr_first_de()
CVE-2025-22121 8.4 HIGH ext4: fix out-of-bound read in ext4_xattr_inode_dec_ref_all()
CVE-2025-22038 8.3 HIGH ksmbd: validate zero num_subauth before sub_auth is accessed
CVE-2025-22042 8.1 HIGH ksmbd: add bounds check for create lease context
CVE-2025-22043 8.1 HIGH ksmbd: add bounds check for durable handle context
CVE-2025-22047 7.8 HIGH x86/microcode/AMD: Fix __apply_microcode_amd()'s return value

Showing top 20 of 127 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-23135

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