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CVE-2025-23161— PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于vmd_dev::cfg_lock类型不当，可能导致中断上下文问题。

AI Predicted 5.5 Difficulty: Trivial EPSS 0.15% · P4

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1059 · Command and Scripting Interpreter

Affected Version Matrix 16

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8< c250262d6485ca333e9821f85b07eb383ec546b1 affected
185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8< c2968c812339593ac6e2bdd5cc3adabe3f05fa53 affected
185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8< 13e5148f70e81991acbe0bab5b1b50ba699116e7 affected
185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8< 5c3cfcf0b4bf43530788b08a8eaf7896ec567484 affected
185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8< 2358046ead696ca5c7c628d6c0e2c6792619a3e5 affected
185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8< 20d0a9062c031068fa39f725a32f182b709b5525 affected
185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8< 18056a48669a040bef491e63b25896561ee14d90 affected
4.5 affected
… +8 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-23161

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: PCI: vmd: Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type The access to the PCI config space via pci_ops::read and pci_ops::write is a low-level hardware access. The functions can be accessed with disabled interrupts even on PREEMPT_RT. The pci_lock is a raw_spinlock_t for this purpose. A spinlock_t becomes a sleeping lock on PREEMPT_RT, so it cannot be acquired with disabled interrupts. The vmd_dev::cfg_lock is accessed in the same context as the pci_lock. Make vmd_dev::cfg_lock a raw_spinlock_t type so it can be used with interrupts disabled. This was reported as: BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48 Call Trace: rt_spin_lock+0x4e/0x130 vmd_pci_read+0x8d/0x100 [vmd] pci_user_read_config_byte+0x6f/0xe0 pci_read_config+0xfe/0x290 sysfs_kf_bin_read+0x68/0x90 [bigeasy: reword commit message] Tested-off-by: Luis Claudio R. Goncalves <lgoncalv@redhat.com> [kwilczynski: commit log] [bhelgaas: add back report info from https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20241218115951.83062-1-ryotkkr98@gmail.com/]
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于vmd_dev::cfg_lock类型不当，可能导致中断上下文问题。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 185a383ada2e7794b0e82e040223e741b24d2bf8 ~ c250262d6485ca333e9821f85b07eb383ec546b1 -
Linux Linux 4.5 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-23161

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-23161

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-23161 (7)

Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-05-01 · 245 CVEs total

CVE-2025-37750 9.8 CRITICAL smb: client: fix UAF in decryption with multichannel
CVE-2025-37778 9.8 CRITICAL ksmbd: Fix dangling pointer in krb_authenticate
CVE-2022-49770 9.8 CRITICAL ceph: avoid putting the realm twice when decoding snaps fails
CVE-2022-49931 8.8 HIGH IB/hfi1: Correctly move list in sc_disable()
CVE-2025-37776 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix use-after-free in smb_break_all_levII_oplock()
CVE-2025-37777 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix use-after-free in __smb2_lease_break_noti()
CVE-2025-37790 8.8 HIGH net: mctp: Set SOCK_RCU_FREE
CVE-2022-49910 8.8 HIGH Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix use-after-free caused by l2cap_reassemble_sdu
CVE-2022-49886 8.4 HIGH x86/tdx: Panic on bad configs that #VE on "private" memory access
CVE-2025-23159 8.4 HIGH media: venus: hfi: add a check to handle OOB in sfr region
CVE-2025-37749 8.2 HIGH net: ppp: Add bound checking for skb data on ppp_sync_txmung
CVE-2025-37774 7.8 HIGH slab: ensure slab->obj_exts is clear in a newly allocated slab page
CVE-2025-37789 7.8 HIGH net: openvswitch: fix nested key length validation in the set() action
CVE-2025-37779 7.8 HIGH lib/iov_iter: fix to increase non slab folio refcount
CVE-2022-49920 7.8 HIGH netfilter: nf_tables: netlink notifier might race to release objects
CVE-2022-49919 7.8 HIGH netfilter: nf_tables: release flow rule object from commit path
CVE-2025-37756 7.8 HIGH net: tls: explicitly disallow disconnect
CVE-2025-37761 7.8 HIGH drm/xe: Fix an out-of-bounds shift when invalidating TLB
CVE-2025-37763 7.8 HIGH drm/imagination: take paired job reference
CVE-2022-49804 7.8 HIGH s390: avoid using global register for current_stack_pointer

Showing top 20 of 245 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-23161

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