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CVE-2025-25291— ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)

Quick assessment

Affected
SAML-Toolkits ruby-saml
Exploitation
Public or AI PoC available; prioritize validation
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Onelogin OneLogin ruby-saml是美国Onelogin公司的一款基于Ruby的、用于单点登录（SSO）服务的SAML（安全断言标记语言）库。 ruby-saml 1.12.4和1.18.0之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于解析器差异，可能导致认证绕过。

AI Predicted 9.8 Difficulty: Moderate EPSS 20.96% · P98
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-25291

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
密码学签名的验证不恰当
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
OneLogin ruby-saml 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Onelogin OneLogin ruby-saml是美国Onelogin公司的一款基于Ruby的、用于单点登录（SSO）服务的SAML（安全断言标记语言）库。 ruby-saml 1.12.4和1.18.0之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于解析器差异，可能导致认证绕过。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
SAML-Toolkits ruby-saml < 1.12.4 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-25291

# POC Description Source Link Shenlong Link
1 ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue. https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/code/cves/2025/CVE-2025-25291.yaml POC Details
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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-25291

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-25291 (3)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-25291 (2)

Security Blog Posts for CVE-2025-25291 (1)

Other References for CVE-2025-25291 (3)

Same Patch Batch · SAML-Toolkits · 2025-03-12 · 3 CVEs total

CVE-2025-25293 ruby-saml vulnerable to Remote Denial of Service (DoS) with compressed SAML responses
CVE-2025-25292 Ruby SAML vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to namespace handling (parser diffe

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: ruby-saml
Same vendor: SAML-Toolkits
Same weakness: CWE-347

V. Comments for CVE-2025-25291

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