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CVE-2025-38232— NFSD: fix race between nfsd registration and exports_proc

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于nfsd注册与exports_proc之间存在竞争条件，可能导致空指针取消引用。

CVSS 7.8 · High EPSS 0.17% · P6

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1053 · Scheduled Task/Job

Affected Version Matrix 20

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7< 49b57b98fa601ae6cc7897bab4515129da8290f7 affected
bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7< 88d6785c173a7c4de05bef8c4fd8a9b42ead02d5 affected
bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7< 8120e420013d947c890f358f30a2d98ba8ac20bc affected
bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7< 2029ca75cdfa6a25716a5a76b751486cce7e3822 affected
bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7< 327011a2bb4f7de9c72b891a96ce8d902828bddf affected
bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7< f7fb730cac9aafda8b9813b55d04e28a9664d17c affected
8677e99150b0830d29cc1318b4cc559e176940bb affected
7c7cb07d4affcf41749234fe9dc4d90cd3959e32 affected
… +12 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-38232

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
NFSD: fix race between nfsd registration and exports_proc
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: NFSD: fix race between nfsd registration and exports_proc As of now nfsd calls create_proc_exports_entry() at start of init_nfsd and cleanup by remove_proc_entry() at last of exit_nfsd. Which causes kernel OOPs if there is race between below 2 operations: (i) exportfs -r (ii) mount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd for 5.4 kernel ARM64: CPU 1: el1_irq+0xbc/0x180 arch_counter_get_cntvct+0x14/0x18 running_clock+0xc/0x18 preempt_count_add+0x88/0x110 prep_new_page+0xb0/0x220 get_page_from_freelist+0x2d8/0x1778 __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x15c/0xef0 __vmalloc_node_range+0x28c/0x478 __vmalloc_node_flags_caller+0x8c/0xb0 kvmalloc_node+0x88/0xe0 nfsd_init_net+0x6c/0x108 [nfsd] ops_init+0x44/0x170 register_pernet_operations+0x114/0x270 register_pernet_subsys+0x34/0x50 init_nfsd+0xa8/0x718 [nfsd] do_one_initcall+0x54/0x2e0 CPU 2 : Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000010 PC is at : exports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd] Call trace: exports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd] exports_proc_open+0x2c/0x38 [nfsd] proc_reg_open+0xb8/0x198 do_dentry_open+0x1c4/0x418 vfs_open+0x38/0x48 path_openat+0x28c/0xf18 do_filp_open+0x70/0xe8 do_sys_open+0x154/0x248 Sometimes it crashes at exports_net_open() and sometimes cache_seq_next_rcu(). and same is happening on latest 6.14 kernel as well: [ 0.000000] Linux version 6.14.0-rc5-next-20250304-dirty ... [ 285.455918] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 00001f4800001f48 ... [ 285.464902] pc : cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4 ... [ 285.469695] Call trace: [ 285.470083] cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4 (P) [ 285.470488] seq_read+0xe0/0x11c [ 285.470675] proc_reg_read+0x9c/0xf0 [ 285.470874] vfs_read+0xc4/0x2fc [ 285.471057] ksys_read+0x6c/0xf4 [ 285.471231] __arm64_sys_read+0x1c/0x28 [ 285.471428] invoke_syscall+0x44/0x100 [ 285.471633] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0 [ 285.471870] do_el0_svc_compat+0x1c/0x34 [ 285.472073] el0_svc_compat+0x2c/0x80 [ 285.472265] el0t_32_sync_handler+0x90/0x140 [ 285.472473] el0t_32_sync+0x19c/0x1a0 [ 285.472887] Code: f9400885 93407c23 937d7c27 11000421 (f86378a3) [ 285.473422] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- It reproduced simply with below script: while [ 1 ] do /exportfs -r done & while [ 1 ] do insmod /nfsd.ko mount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd umount /proc/fs/nfsd rmmod nfsd done & So exporting interfaces to user space shall be done at last and cleanup at first place. With change there is no Kernel OOPs.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于nfsd注册与exports_proc之间存在竞争条件，可能导致空指针取消引用。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 ~ 49b57b98fa601ae6cc7897bab4515129da8290f7 -
Linux Linux 5.12 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-38232

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-38232

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Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-07-04 · 59 CVEs total

CVE-2025-38209 9.8 CRITICAL nvme-tcp: remove tag set when second admin queue config fails
CVE-2025-38211 9.8 CRITICAL RDMA/iwcm: Fix use-after-free of work objects after cm_id destruction
CVE-2025-38174 8.8 HIGH thunderbolt: Do not double dequeue a configuration request
CVE-2025-38216 8.8 HIGH iommu/vt-d: Restore context entry setup order for aliased devices
CVE-2025-38189 7.8 HIGH drm/v3d: Avoid NULL pointer dereference in `v3d_job_update_stats()`
CVE-2025-38234 7.8 HIGH sched/rt: Fix race in push_rt_task
CVE-2025-38180 7.8 HIGH net: atm: fix /proc/net/atm/lec handling
CVE-2025-38187 7.8 HIGH drm/nouveau: fix a use-after-free in r535_gsp_rpc_push()
CVE-2025-38193 7.8 HIGH net_sched: sch_sfq: reject invalid perturb period
CVE-2025-38192 7.8 HIGH net: clear the dst when changing skb protocol
CVE-2025-38204 7.8 HIGH jfs: fix array-index-out-of-bounds read in add_missing_indices
CVE-2025-38206 7.8 HIGH exfat: fix double free in delayed_free
CVE-2025-38212 7.8 HIGH ipc: fix to protect IPCS lookups using RCU
CVE-2025-38218 7.8 HIGH f2fs: fix to do sanity check on sit_bitmap_size
CVE-2025-38224 7.8 HIGH can: kvaser_pciefd: refine error prone echo_skb_max handling logic
CVE-2025-38226 7.8 HIGH media: vivid: Change the siize of the composing
CVE-2025-38227 7.8 HIGH media: vidtv: Terminating the subsequent process of initialization failure
CVE-2025-38230 7.8 HIGH jfs: validate AG parameters in dbMount() to prevent crashes
CVE-2025-38233 7.8 HIGH powerpc64/ftrace: fix clobbered r15 during livepatching
CVE-2025-38175 7.8 HIGH binder: fix yet another UAF in binder_devices

Showing top 20 of 59 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-38232

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