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CVE-2025-38407— riscv: cpu_ops_sbi: Use static array for boot_data

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于riscv架构cpu_ops_sbi模块使用动态分配内存导致物理地址无效，可能导致系统挂起。

AI Predicted 3.7 Difficulty: Hard EPSS 0.17% · P7

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1496 · Resource Hijacking

Affected Version Matrix 8

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 6b9f29b81b155af023da95f560f738f29722b306< f5fe094f35a37adea40b2fd52c99bb1333be9b07 affected
6b9f29b81b155af023da95f560f738f29722b306< 02c725cd55eb5052b88eeaa3f60a391ef4dcaec5 affected
6b9f29b81b155af023da95f560f738f29722b306< 2b29be967ae456fc09c320d91d52278cf721be1e affected
6.8 affected
< 6.8 unaffected
6.12.37≤ 6.12.* unaffected
6.15.6≤ 6.15.* unaffected
6.16≤ * unaffected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-38407

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
riscv: cpu_ops_sbi: Use static array for boot_data
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: riscv: cpu_ops_sbi: Use static array for boot_data Since commit 6b9f29b81b15 ("riscv: Enable pcpu page first chunk allocator"), if NUMA is enabled, the page percpu allocator may be used on very sparse configurations, or when requested on boot with percpu_alloc=page. In that case, percpu data gets put in the vmalloc area. However, sbi_hsm_hart_start() needs the physical address of a sbi_hart_boot_data, and simply assumes that __pa() would work. This causes the just started hart to immediately access an invalid address and hang. Fortunately, struct sbi_hart_boot_data is not too large, so we can simply allocate an array for boot_data statically, putting it in the kernel image. This fixes NUMA=y SMP boot on Sophgo SG2042. To reproduce on QEMU: Set CONFIG_NUMA=y and CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y, then run with: qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -smp 2 -nographic \ -kernel arch/riscv/boot/Image \ -append "percpu_alloc=page" Kernel output: [ 0.000000] Booting Linux on hartid 0 [ 0.000000] Linux version 6.16.0-rc1 (dram@sakuya) (riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 14.2.1 20250322, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.44) #11 SMP Tue Jun 24 14:56:22 CST 2025 ... [ 0.000000] percpu: 28 4K pages/cpu s85784 r8192 d20712 ... [ 0.083192] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ... [ 0.086722] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 0.086849] virt_to_phys used for non-linear address: (____ptrval____) (0xff2000000001d080) [ 0.088001] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at arch/riscv/mm/physaddr.c:14 __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8 [ 0.088376] Modules linked in: [ 0.088656] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc1 #11 NONE [ 0.088833] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT) [ 0.088948] epc : __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8 [ 0.089001] ra : __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8 [ 0.089037] epc : ffffffff80021eaa ra : ffffffff80021eaa sp : ff2000000004bbc0 [ 0.089057] gp : ffffffff817f49c0 tp : ff60000001d60000 t0 : 5f6f745f74726976 [ 0.089076] t1 : 0000000000000076 t2 : 705f6f745f747269 s0 : ff2000000004bbe0 [ 0.089095] s1 : ff2000000001d080 a0 : 0000000000000000 a1 : 0000000000000000 [ 0.089113] a2 : 0000000000000000 a3 : 0000000000000000 a4 : 0000000000000000 [ 0.089131] a5 : 0000000000000000 a6 : 0000000000000000 a7 : 0000000000000000 [ 0.089155] s2 : ffffffff8130dc00 s3 : 0000000000000001 s4 : 0000000000000001 [ 0.089174] s5 : ffffffff8185eff8 s6 : ff2000007f1eb000 s7 : ffffffff8002a2ec [ 0.089193] s8 : 0000000000000001 s9 : 0000000000000001 s10: 0000000000000000 [ 0.089211] s11: 0000000000000000 t3 : ffffffff8180a9f7 t4 : ffffffff8180a9f7 [ 0.089960] t5 : ffffffff8180a9f8 t6 : ff2000000004b9d8 [ 0.089984] status: 0000000200000120 badaddr: ffffffff80021eaa cause: 0000000000000003 [ 0.090101] [<ffffffff80021eaa>] __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8 [ 0.090228] [<ffffffff8001d796>] sbi_cpu_start+0x6e/0xe8 [ 0.090247] [<ffffffff8001a5da>] __cpu_up+0x1e/0x8c [ 0.090260] [<ffffffff8002a32e>] bringup_cpu+0x42/0x258 [ 0.090277] [<ffffffff8002914c>] cpuhp_invoke_callback+0xe0/0x40c [ 0.090292] [<ffffffff800294e0>] __cpuhp_invoke_callback_range+0x68/0xfc [ 0.090320] [<ffffffff8002a96a>] _cpu_up+0x11a/0x244 [ 0.090334] [<ffffffff8002aae6>] cpu_up+0x52/0x90 [ 0.090384] [<ffffffff80c09350>] bringup_nonboot_cpus+0x78/0x118 [ 0.090411] [<ffffffff80c11060>] smp_init+0x34/0xb8 [ 0.090425] [<ffffffff80c01220>] kernel_init_freeable+0x148/0x2e4 [ 0.090442] [<ffffffff80b83802>] kernel_init+0x1e/0x14c [ 0.090455] [<ffffffff800124ca>] ret_from_fork_kernel+0xe/0xf0 [ 0.090471] [<ffffffff80b8d9c2>] ret_from_fork_kernel_asm+0x16/0x18 [ 0.090560] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- [ 1.179875] CPU1: failed to come online [ 1.190324] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于riscv架构cpu_ops_sbi模块使用动态分配内存导致物理地址无效，可能导致系统挂起。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 6b9f29b81b155af023da95f560f738f29722b306 ~ f5fe094f35a37adea40b2fd52c99bb1333be9b07 -
Linux Linux 6.8 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-38407

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-38407

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Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-07-25 · 114 CVEs total

CVE-2025-38429 10.0 CRITICAL bus: mhi: ep: Update read pointer only after buffer is written
CVE-2025-38430 9.8 CRITICAL nfsd: nfsd4_spo_must_allow() must check this is a v4 compound request
CVE-2025-38411 9.8 CRITICAL netfs: Fix double put of request
CVE-2025-38439 9.8 CRITICAL bnxt_en: Set DMA unmap len correctly for XDP_REDIRECT
CVE-2025-38365 9.1 CRITICAL btrfs: fix a race between renames and directory logging
CVE-2025-38377 8.8 HIGH rose: fix dangling neighbour pointers in rose_rt_device_down()
CVE-2025-38437 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: fix potential use-after-free in oplock/lease break ack
CVE-2025-38367 8.8 HIGH LoongArch: KVM: Avoid overflow with array index
CVE-2025-38395 8.4 HIGH regulator: gpio: Fix the out-of-bounds access to drvdata::gpiods
CVE-2025-38375 8.4 HIGH virtio-net: ensure the received length does not exceed allocated size
CVE-2025-38435 7.8 HIGH riscv: vector: Fix context save/restore with xtheadvector
CVE-2025-38396 7.8 HIGH fs: export anon_inode_make_secure_inode() and fix secretmem LSM bypass
CVE-2025-38401 7.8 HIGH mtk-sd: Prevent memory corruption from DMA map failure
CVE-2025-38449 7.8 HIGH drm/gem: Acquire references on GEM handles for framebuffers
CVE-2025-38382 7.8 HIGH btrfs: fix iteration of extrefs during log replay
CVE-2025-38434 7.8 HIGH Revert "riscv: Define TASK_SIZE_MAX for __access_ok()"
CVE-2025-38440 7.8 HIGH net/mlx5e: Fix race between DIM disable and net_dim()
CVE-2025-38398 7.8 HIGH spi: spi-qpic-snand: reallocate BAM transactions
CVE-2025-38408 7.8 HIGH genirq/irq_sim: Initialize work context pointers properly
CVE-2025-38447 7.8 HIGH mm/rmap: fix potential out-of-bounds page table access during batched unmap

Showing top 20 of 114 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-38407

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