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CVE-2025-38528— bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于bpf拒绝%p%格式字符串，可能导致内核警告。

CVSS 7.1 · High EPSS 0.17% · P6

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1068 · Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Affected Version Matrix 14

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915< 97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39 affected
48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915< 61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4 affected
48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915< e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289 affected
48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915< 6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9 affected
48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915< 1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8 affected
48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915< f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58 affected
5.13 affected
< 5.13 unaffected
… +6 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-38528

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers static const char fmt[] = "%p%"; bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt)); The above BPF program isn't rejected and causes a kernel warning at runtime: Please remove unsupported %\x00 in format string WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0 This happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %, detected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by not skipping over punctuation. %\x00 is then processed in the next iteration and rejected.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于bpf拒绝%p%格式字符串，可能导致内核警告。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915 ~ 97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39 -
Linux Linux 5.13 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-38528

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-38528

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-38528 (1)

Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-08-16 · 59 CVEs total

CVE-2025-38527 9.8 CRITICAL smb: client: fix use-after-free in cifs_oplock_break
CVE-2025-38533 9.8 CRITICAL net: libwx: fix the using of Rx buffer DMA
CVE-2025-38552 9.4 CRITICAL mptcp: plug races between subflow fail and subflow creation
CVE-2023-3867 9.1 CRITICAL ksmbd: fix out of bounds read in smb2_sess_setup
CVE-2023-4515 9.1 CRITICAL ksmbd: validate command request size
CVE-2023-32249 9.1 CRITICAL ksmbd: not allow guest user on multichannel
CVE-2025-38512 8.8 HIGH wifi: prevent A-MSDU attacks in mesh networks
CVE-2025-38511 8.8 HIGH drm/xe/pf: Clear all LMTT pages on alloc
CVE-2023-4130 8.1 HIGH ksmbd: fix wrong next length validation of ea buffer in smb2_set_ea()
CVE-2023-3865 8.1 HIGH ksmbd: fix out-of-bound read in smb2_write
CVE-2025-38539 7.8 HIGH tracing: Add down_write(trace_event_sem) when adding trace event
CVE-2025-38532 7.8 HIGH net: libwx: properly reset Rx ring descriptor
CVE-2025-38542 7.8 HIGH net: appletalk: Fix device refcount leak in atrtr_create()
CVE-2025-38536 7.8 HIGH net: airoha: fix potential use-after-free in airoha_npu_get()
CVE-2025-38502 7.8 HIGH bpf: Fix oob access in cgroup local storage
CVE-2025-38550 7.8 HIGH ipv6: mcast: Delay put pmc->idev in mld_del_delrec()
CVE-2025-38514 7.5 HIGH rxrpc: Fix oops due to non-existence of prealloc backlog struct
CVE-2025-38501 7.5 HIGH ksmbd: limit repeated connections from clients with the same IP
CVE-2025-38524 7.5 HIGH rxrpc: Fix recv-recv race of completed call
CVE-2025-38526 7.5 HIGH ice: add NULL check in eswitch lag check

Showing top 20 of 59 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-38528

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