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CVE-2025-38721— netfilter: ctnetlink: fix refcount leak on table dump

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于ctnetlink在表转储时未正确处理引用计数，可能导致内存泄漏。

AI Predicted 5.5 Difficulty: Moderate EPSS 0.17% · P6

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1564.004 · NTFS File Attributes

Affected Version Matrix 20

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4< 586892e341fbf698e7cbaca293e1353957db725a affected
d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4< 962518c6ca9f9a13df099cafa429f72f68ad61f0 affected
d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4< 19b909a4b1452fb97e477d2f08b97f8d04095619 affected
d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4< 41462f4cfc583513833f87f9ee55d12da651a7e3 affected
d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4< 30cf811058552b8cd0e98dff677ef3f89d6d34ce affected
d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4< a2cb4df7872de069f809de2f076ec8e54d649fe3 affected
d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4< e14f72aa66c029db106921d621edcedef68e065b affected
d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4< a62d6aa3f31f216b637a4c71b7a8bfc7c57f049b affected
… +12 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-38721

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
netfilter: ctnetlink: fix refcount leak on table dump
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ctnetlink: fix refcount leak on table dump There is a reference count leak in ctnetlink_dump_table(): if (res < 0) { nf_conntrack_get(&ct->ct_general); // HERE cb->args[1] = (unsigned long)ct; ... While its very unlikely, its possible that ct == last. If this happens, then the refcount of ct was already incremented. This 2nd increment is never undone. This prevents the conntrack object from being released, which in turn keeps prevents cnet->count from dropping back to 0. This will then block the netns dismantle (or conntrack rmmod) as nf_conntrack_cleanup_net_list() will wait forever. This can be reproduced by running conntrack_resize.sh selftest in a loop. It takes ~20 minutes for me on a preemptible kernel on average before I see a runaway kworker spinning in nf_conntrack_cleanup_net_list. One fix would to change this to: if (res < 0) { if (ct != last) nf_conntrack_get(&ct->ct_general); But this reference counting isn't needed in the first place. We can just store a cookie value instead. A followup patch will do the same for ctnetlink_exp_dump_table, it looks to me as if this has the same problem and like ctnetlink_dump_table, we only need a 'skip hint', not the actual object so we can apply the same cookie strategy there as well.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于ctnetlink在表转储时未正确处理引用计数，可能导致内存泄漏。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4 ~ 586892e341fbf698e7cbaca293e1353957db725a -
Linux Linux 2.6.18 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-38721

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-38721

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Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-09-04 · 52 CVEs total

CVE-2025-38708 9.8 CRITICAL drbd: add missing kref_get in handle_write_conflicts
CVE-2025-38724 9.8 CRITICAL nfsd: handle get_client_locked() failure in nfsd4_setclientid_confirm()
CVE-2025-38728 9.1 CRITICAL smb3: fix for slab out of bounds on mount to ksmbd
CVE-2025-38688 8.8 HIGH iommufd: Prevent ALIGN() overflow
CVE-2025-38697 7.8 HIGH jfs: upper bound check of tree index in dbAllocAG
CVE-2025-38714 7.8 HIGH hfsplus: fix slab-out-of-bounds in hfsplus_bnode_read()
CVE-2025-38715 7.8 HIGH hfs: fix slab-out-of-bounds in hfs_bnode_read()
CVE-2025-38717 7.8 HIGH net: kcm: Fix race condition in kcm_unattach()
CVE-2025-38718 7.8 HIGH sctp: linearize cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv
CVE-2025-38685 7.8 HIGH fbdev: Fix vmalloc out-of-bounds write in fast_imageblit
CVE-2025-38722 7.8 HIGH habanalabs: fix UAF in export_dmabuf()
CVE-2025-38710 7.8 HIGH gfs2: Validate i_depth for exhash directories
CVE-2025-38730 7.8 HIGH io_uring/net: commit partial buffers on retry
CVE-2025-38703 7.8 HIGH drm/xe: Make dma-fences compliant with the safe access rules
CVE-2025-38687 7.3 HIGH comedi: fix race between polling and detaching
CVE-2025-38679 7.3 HIGH media: venus: Fix OOB read due to missing payload bound check
CVE-2025-38713 7.1 HIGH hfsplus: fix slab-out-of-bounds read in hfsplus_uni2asc()
CVE-2025-38707 7.1 HIGH fs/ntfs3: Add sanity check for file name
CVE-2025-38694 media: dvb-frontends: dib7090p: fix null-ptr-deref in dib7090p_rw_on_apb()
CVE-2025-38692 exfat: add cluster chain loop check for dir

Showing top 20 of 52 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-38721

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