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CVE-2025-39797— xfrm: Duplicate SPI Handling

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于未正确处理安全参数索引重复问题，可能导致数据包处理失败。

AI Predicted 4.4 Difficulty: Moderate EPSS 0.16% · P5

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1498 · Network Denial of Service

Affected Version Matrix 12

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 3d8090bb53424432fa788fe9a49e8ceca74f0544 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 2fc5b54368a1bf1d2d74b4d3b8eea5309a653e38 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< c67d4e7a8f90fb6361ca89d4d5c9a28f4e935e47 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 29e9158f91f99057dbd35db5e8674d93b38549fe affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 94f39804d891cffe4ce17737d295f3b195bc7299 affected
2.6.12 affected
< 2.6.12 unaffected
6.6.103≤ 6.6.* unaffected
… +4 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-39797

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
xfrm: Duplicate SPI Handling
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: Duplicate SPI Handling The issue originates when Strongswan initiates an XFRM_MSG_ALLOCSPI Netlink message, which triggers the kernel function xfrm_alloc_spi(). This function is expected to ensure uniqueness of the Security Parameter Index (SPI) for inbound Security Associations (SAs). However, it can return success even when the requested SPI is already in use, leading to duplicate SPIs assigned to multiple inbound SAs, differentiated only by their destination addresses. This behavior causes inconsistencies during SPI lookups for inbound packets. Since the lookup may return an arbitrary SA among those with the same SPI, packet processing can fail, resulting in packet drops. According to RFC 4301 section 4.4.2 , for inbound processing a unicast SA is uniquely identified by the SPI and optionally protocol. Reproducing the Issue Reliably: To consistently reproduce the problem, restrict the available SPI range in charon.conf : spi_min = 0x10000000 spi_max = 0x10000002 This limits the system to only 2 usable SPI values. Next, create more than 2 Child SA. each using unique pair of src/dst address. As soon as the 3rd Child SA is initiated, it will be assigned a duplicate SPI, since the SPI pool is already exhausted. With a narrow SPI range, the issue is consistently reproducible. With a broader/default range, it becomes rare and unpredictable. Current implementation: xfrm_spi_hash() lookup function computes hash using daddr, proto, and family. So if two SAs have the same SPI but different destination addresses, then they will: a. Hash into different buckets b. Be stored in different linked lists (byspi + h) c. Not be seen in the same hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() iteration. As a result, the lookup will result in NULL and kernel allows that Duplicate SPI Proposed Change: xfrm_state_lookup_spi_proto() does a truly global search - across all states, regardless of hash bucket and matches SPI and proto.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于未正确处理安全参数索引重复问题，可能导致数据包处理失败。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 ~ 3d8090bb53424432fa788fe9a49e8ceca74f0544 -
Linux Linux 2.6.12 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-39797

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-39797

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Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-09-12 · 7 CVEs total

CVE-2025-39792 7.8 HIGH dm: Always split write BIOs to zoned device limits
CVE-2025-39793 7.8 HIGH io_uring/memmap: cast nr_pages to size_t before shifting
CVE-2025-39798 7.3 HIGH NFS: Fix the setting of capabilities when automounting a new filesystem
CVE-2025-39794 ARM: tegra: Use I/O memcpy to write to IRAM
CVE-2025-39795 block: avoid possible overflow for chunk_sectors check in blk_stack_limits()
CVE-2025-39796 net: lapbether: ignore ops-locked netdevs

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-39797

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