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CVE-2025-40120— net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于PM和MDIO死锁，可能导致系统挂起。

AI Predicted 5.3 Difficulty: Moderate EPSS 0.22% · P12

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1059 · Command and Scripting Interpreter

Affected Version Matrix 14

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805< 71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c affected
4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805< 3e96cd27ff1a004d84908c1b6cc68ac60913874e affected
4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805< 724a9db84188f80ef60b1f21cc7b4e9c84e0cb64 affected
4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805< 1534517300e12f2930b6ff477b8820ff658afd11 affected
4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805< 9d8bcaf6fae1bd82bc27ec09a2694497e6f6c4b4 affected
4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805< 3d3c4cd5c62f24bb3cb4511b7a95df707635e00a affected
5.14 affected
< 5.14 unaffected
… +6 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-40120

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock Prevent USB runtime PM (autosuspend) for AX88772* in bind. usbnet enables runtime PM (autosuspend) by default, so disabling it via the usb_driver flag is ineffective. On AX88772B, autosuspend shows no measurable power saving with current driver (no link partner, admin up/down). The ~0.453 W -> ~0.248 W drop on v6.1 comes from phylib powering the PHY off on admin-down, not from USB autosuspend. The real hazard is that with runtime PM enabled, ndo_open() (under RTNL) may synchronously trigger autoresume (usb_autopm_get_interface()) into asix_resume() while the USB PM lock is held. Resume paths then invoke phylink/phylib and MDIO, which also expect RTNL, leading to possible deadlocks or PM lock vs MDIO wake issues. To avoid this, keep the device runtime-PM active by taking a usage reference in ax88772_bind() and dropping it in unbind(). A non-zero PM usage count blocks runtime suspend regardless of userspace policy (.../power/control - pm_runtime_allow/forbid), making this approach robust against sysfs overrides. Holding a runtime-PM usage ref does not affect system-wide suspend; system sleep/resume callbacks continue to run as before.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于PM和MDIO死锁，可能导致系统挂起。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805 ~ 71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c -
Linux Linux 5.14 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-40120

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-40120

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Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-11-12 · 96 CVEs total

CVE-2025-40176 9.8 CRITICAL tls: wait for pending async decryptions if tls_strp_msg_hold fails
CVE-2025-40140 8.8 HIGH net: usb: Remove disruptive netif_wake_queue in rtl8150_set_multicast
CVE-2025-40133 8.1 HIGH mptcp: Use __sk_dst_get() and dst_dev_rcu() in mptcp_active_enable().
CVE-2025-40186 8.1 HIGH tcp: Don't call reqsk_fastopen_remove() in tcp_conn_request().
CVE-2025-40158 8.1 HIGH ipv6: use RCU in ip6_output()
CVE-2025-40204 8.1 HIGH sctp: Fix MAC comparison to be constant-time
CVE-2025-40135 8.1 HIGH ipv6: use RCU in ip6_xmit()
CVE-2025-40168 8.1 HIGH smc: Use __sk_dst_get() and dst_dev_rcu() in smc_clc_prfx_match().
CVE-2025-40141 8.0 HIGH Bluetooth: ISO: Fix possible UAF on iso_conn_free
CVE-2025-40166 7.8 HIGH drm/xe/guc: Check GuC running state before deregistering exec queue
CVE-2025-40159 7.8 HIGH xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation
CVE-2025-40173 7.8 HIGH net/ip6_tunnel: Prevent perpetual tunnel growth
CVE-2025-40167 7.8 HIGH ext4: detect invalid INLINE_DATA + EXTENTS flag combination
CVE-2025-40170 7.8 HIGH net: use dst_dev_rcu() in sk_setup_caps()
CVE-2025-40172 7.8 HIGH accel/qaic: Treat remaining == 0 as error in find_and_map_user_pages()
CVE-2025-40149 7.8 HIGH tls: Use __sk_dst_get() and dst_dev_rcu() in get_netdev_for_sock().
CVE-2025-40174 7.8 HIGH x86/mm: Fix SMP ordering in switch_mm_irqs_off()
CVE-2025-40139 7.8 HIGH smc: Use __sk_dst_get() and dst_dev_rcu() in in smc_clc_prfx_set().
CVE-2025-40190 7.8 HIGH ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update
CVE-2025-40151 7.8 HIGH LoongArch: BPF: No support of struct argument in trampoline programs

Showing top 20 of 96 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-40120

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