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CVE-2025-40190— ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于EA inode引用计数处理不当，可能导致数据损坏。

CVSS 7.8 · High EPSS 0.18% · P7

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1496 · Resource Hijacking

Affected Version Matrix 23

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< ea39e712c2f5ae148ee5515798ae03523673e002 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 1cfb3e4ddbdc8e02e637b8852540bd4718bf4814 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 505e69f76ac497e788f4ea0267826ec7266b40c8 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 3d6269028246f4484bfed403c947a114bb583631 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 79ea7f3e11effe1bd9e753172981d9029133a278 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 6b879c4c6bbaab03c0ad2a983953bd1410bb165e affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 440b003f449a4ff2a00b08c8eab9ba5cd28f3943 affected
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2< 57295e835408d8d425bef58da5253465db3d6888 affected
… +15 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-40190

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update syzkaller found a path where ext4_xattr_inode_update_ref() reads an EA inode refcount that is already <= 0 and then applies ref_change (often -1). That lets the refcount underflow and we proceed with a bogus value, triggering errors like: EXT4-fs error: EA inode <n> ref underflow: ref_count=-1 ref_change=-1 EXT4-fs warning: ea_inode dec ref err=-117 Make the invariant explicit: if the current refcount is non-positive, treat this as on-disk corruption, emit ext4_error_inode(), and fail the operation with -EFSCORRUPTED instead of updating the refcount. Delete the WARN_ONCE() as negative refcounts are now impossible; keep error reporting in ext4_error_inode(). This prevents the underflow and the follow-on orphan/cleanup churn.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于EA inode引用计数处理不当，可能导致数据损坏。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 ~ ea39e712c2f5ae148ee5515798ae03523673e002 -
Linux Linux 5.4.301 ~ 5.4.* -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-40190

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-40190

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-40190 (4)

Other References for CVE-2025-40190 (1)

Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-11-12 · 96 CVEs total

CVE-2025-40176 9.8 CRITICAL tls: wait for pending async decryptions if tls_strp_msg_hold fails
CVE-2025-40140 8.8 HIGH net: usb: Remove disruptive netif_wake_queue in rtl8150_set_multicast
CVE-2025-40204 8.1 HIGH sctp: Fix MAC comparison to be constant-time
CVE-2025-40135 8.1 HIGH ipv6: use RCU in ip6_xmit()
CVE-2025-40158 8.1 HIGH ipv6: use RCU in ip6_output()
CVE-2025-40186 8.1 HIGH tcp: Don't call reqsk_fastopen_remove() in tcp_conn_request().
CVE-2025-40168 8.1 HIGH smc: Use __sk_dst_get() and dst_dev_rcu() in smc_clc_prfx_match().
CVE-2025-40133 8.1 HIGH mptcp: Use __sk_dst_get() and dst_dev_rcu() in mptcp_active_enable().
CVE-2025-40141 8.0 HIGH Bluetooth: ISO: Fix possible UAF on iso_conn_free
CVE-2025-40199 7.8 HIGH page_pool: Fix PP_MAGIC_MASK to avoid crashing on some 32-bit arches
CVE-2025-40172 7.8 HIGH accel/qaic: Treat remaining == 0 as error in find_and_map_user_pages()
CVE-2025-40205 7.8 HIGH btrfs: avoid potential out-of-bounds in btrfs_encode_fh()
CVE-2025-40203 7.8 HIGH listmount: don't call path_put() under namespace semaphore
CVE-2025-40201 7.8 HIGH kernel/sys.c: fix the racy usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64() paths
CVE-2025-40165 7.8 HIGH media: nxp: imx8-isi: m2m: Fix streaming cleanup on release
CVE-2025-40166 7.8 HIGH drm/xe/guc: Check GuC running state before deregistering exec queue
CVE-2025-40167 7.8 HIGH ext4: detect invalid INLINE_DATA + EXTENTS flag combination
CVE-2025-40159 7.8 HIGH xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation
CVE-2025-40151 7.8 HIGH LoongArch: BPF: No support of struct argument in trampoline programs
CVE-2025-40149 7.8 HIGH tls: Use __sk_dst_get() and dst_dev_rcu() in get_netdev_for_sock().

Showing top 20 of 96 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-40190

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