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CVE-2025-40254— net: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞,该漏洞源于set(nsh(...))动作验证错误,可能导致内核崩溃。

AI Predicted 7.8 Difficulty: Hard EPSS 0.24% · P14

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1203 · Exploitation for Client Execution

Affected Version Matrix 18

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3< 3415faa1fcb4150f29a72c5ecf959339d797feb7 affected
b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3< 3d2e7d3b28469081ccf08301df07cc411a1cc5e9 affected
b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3< f95bef5ba0b88d971b02c776f24bd17544930a3a affected
b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3< 87d2429381ddcf8cbd30c8c36793a4f7916d5f99 affected
b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3< 0b903f33c31c82b1c3591279fd8a23893802b987 affected
b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3< 9c61d8fe1350b7322f4953318165d6719c3b1475 affected
b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3< 4689ba45296dbb3a47e70a1bc2ed0328263e48f3 affected
b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3< dfe28c4167a9259fc0c372d9f9473e1ac95cff67 affected
… +10 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-40254

Vulnerability Information

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Vulnerability Title
net: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: openvswitch: remove never-working support for setting nsh fields The validation of the set(nsh(...)) action is completely wrong. It runs through the nsh_key_put_from_nlattr() function that is the same function that validates NSH keys for the flow match and the push_nsh() action. However, the set(nsh(...)) has a very different memory layout. Nested attributes in there are doubled in size in case of the masked set(). That makes proper validation impossible. There is also confusion in the code between the 'masked' flag, that says that the nested attributes are doubled in size containing both the value and the mask, and the 'is_mask' that says that the value we're parsing is the mask. This is causing kernel crash on trying to write into mask part of the match with SW_FLOW_KEY_PUT() during validation, while validate_nsh() doesn't allocate any memory for it: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000018 #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page PGD 1c2383067 P4D 1c2383067 PUD 20b703067 PMD 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 8 UID: 0 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4+ #107 PREEMPT(voluntary) RIP: 0010:nsh_key_put_from_nlattr+0x19d/0x610 [openvswitch] Call Trace: <TASK> validate_nsh+0x60/0x90 [openvswitch] validate_set.constprop.0+0x270/0x3c0 [openvswitch] __ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x477/0x860 [openvswitch] ovs_nla_copy_actions+0x8d/0x100 [openvswitch] ovs_packet_cmd_execute+0x1cc/0x310 [openvswitch] genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0xdb/0x130 genl_family_rcv_msg+0x14b/0x220 genl_rcv_msg+0x47/0xa0 netlink_rcv_skb+0x53/0x100 genl_rcv+0x24/0x40 netlink_unicast+0x280/0x3b0 netlink_sendmsg+0x1f7/0x430 ____sys_sendmsg+0x36b/0x3a0 ___sys_sendmsg+0x87/0xd0 __sys_sendmsg+0x6d/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0x7b/0x2c0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e The third issue with this process is that while trying to convert the non-masked set into masked one, validate_set() copies and doubles the size of the OVS_KEY_ATTR_NSH as if it didn't have any nested attributes. It should be copying each nested attribute and doubling them in size independently. And the process must be properly reversed during the conversion back from masked to a non-masked variant during the flow dump. In the end, the only two outcomes of trying to use this action are either validation failure or a kernel crash. And if somehow someone manages to install a flow with such an action, it will most definitely not do what it is supposed to, since all the keys and the masks are mixed up. Fixing all the issues is a complex task as it requires re-writing most of the validation code. Given that and the fact that this functionality never worked since introduction, let's just remove it altogether. It's better to re-introduce it later with a proper implementation instead of trying to fix it in stable releases.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞,该漏洞源于set(nsh(...))动作验证错误,可能导致内核崩溃。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux b2d0f5d5dc53532e6f07bc546a476a55ebdfe0f3 ~ 3415faa1fcb4150f29a72c5ecf959339d797feb7 -
Linux Linux 4.15 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-40254

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-40254

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Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-12-04 · 53 CVEs total

CVE-2025-40261 9.8 CRITICAL nvme: nvme-fc: Ensure ->ioerr_work is cancelled in nvme_fc_delete_ctrl()
CVE-2025-40258 9.8 CRITICAL mptcp: fix race condition in mptcp_schedule_work()
CVE-2025-40257 9.8 CRITICAL mptcp: fix a race in mptcp_pm_del_add_timer()
CVE-2025-40252 9.8 CRITICAL net: qlogic/qede: fix potential out-of-bounds read in qede_tpa_cont() and qede_tpa_end()
CVE-2025-40253 8.8 HIGH s390/ctcm: Fix double-kfree
CVE-2025-40266 8.2 HIGH KVM: arm64: Check the untrusted offset in FF-A memory share
CVE-2025-40244 7.8 HIGH hfsplus: fix KMSAN uninit-value issue in __hfsplus_ext_cache_extent()
CVE-2025-40250 7.8 HIGH net/mlx5: Clean up only new IRQ glue on request_irq() failure
CVE-2025-40262 7.8 HIGH Input: imx_sc_key - fix memory corruption on unload
CVE-2025-40251 7.8 HIGH devlink: rate: Unset parent pointer in devl_rate_nodes_destroy
CVE-2025-40248 7.8 HIGH vsock: Ignore signal/timeout on connect() if already established
CVE-2025-40249 7.8 HIGH gpio: cdev: make sure the cdev fd is still active before emitting events
CVE-2025-40245 7.8 HIGH nios2: ensure that memblock.current_limit is set when setting pfn limits
CVE-2025-40214 7.8 HIGH af_unix: Initialise scc_index in unix_add_edge().
CVE-2025-40243 7.8 HIGH hfs: fix KMSAN uninit-value issue in hfs_find_set_zero_bits()
CVE-2025-40241 7.8 HIGH erofs: fix crafted invalid cases for encoded extents
CVE-2025-40233 7.8 HIGH ocfs2: clear extent cache after moving/defragmenting extents
CVE-2025-40216 7.8 HIGH io_uring/rsrc: don't rely on user vaddr alignment
CVE-2025-40215 7.8 HIGH xfrm: delete x->tunnel as we delete x
CVE-2025-40240 7.5 HIGH sctp: avoid NULL dereference when chunk data buffer is missing

Showing top 20 of 53 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

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