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CVE-2025-49600

Quick assessment

Affected
Mbed mbedtls
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Mbed TLS是Mbed TLS开源的一个开源、可移植、易于使用、可读且灵活的 SSL 库。 Mbed TLS 3.6.4之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于未检查哈希计算失败时的返回值，可能导致LMS签名伪造。

CVSS 4.9 · Medium EPSS 0.16% · P4
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-49600

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In MbedTLS 3.3.0 before 3.6.4, mbedtls_lms_verify may accept invalid signatures if hash computation fails and internal errors go unchecked, enabling LMS (Leighton-Micali Signature) forgery in a fault scenario. Specifically, unchecked return values in mbedtls_lms_verify allow an attacker (who can induce a hardware hash accelerator fault) to bypass LMS signature verification by reusing stale stack data, resulting in acceptance of an invalid signature. In mbedtls_lms_verify, the return values of the internal Merkle tree functions create_merkle_leaf_value and create_merkle_internal_value are not checked. These functions return an integer that indicates whether the call succeeded or not. If a failure occurs, the output buffer (Tc_candidate_root_node) may remain uninitialized, and the result of the signature verification is unpredictable. When the software implementation of SHA-256 is used, these functions will not fail. However, with hardware-accelerated hashing, an attacker could use fault injection against the accelerator to bypass verification.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
缺少必要的密码学步骤
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Mbed TLS 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Mbed TLS是Mbed TLS开源的一个开源、可移植、易于使用、可读且灵活的 SSL 库。 Mbed TLS 3.6.4之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于未检查哈希计算失败时的返回值，可能导致LMS签名伪造。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Mbed mbedtls 3.3.0 ~ 3.6.4 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-49600

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-49600

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Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-49600 (1)

Same Patch Batch · Mbed · 2025-07-04 · 4 CVEs total

CVE-2025-52496 7.8 HIGH Mbed TLS 安全漏洞
CVE-2025-49601 4.8 MEDIUM Mbed TLS 缓冲区错误漏洞
CVE-2025-52497 4.8 MEDIUM Mbed TLS 安全漏洞

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: mbedtls
Same vendor: Mbed
Same weakness: CWE-325

V. Comments for CVE-2025-49600

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