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CVE-2025-52471— ESP-NOW Integer Underflow Vulnerability Advisory

Quick assessment

Affected
espressif esp-idf
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

ESP-IDF是Espressif开源的一个 Windows、Linux 和 macOS 上支持的 Espressif SoC 的开发框架。 ESP-IDF 5.4.1版本、5.3.3版本、5.2.5版本和5.1.6版本存在数字错误漏洞，该漏洞源于ESP-NOW协议实现中存在整数下溢，可能导致越界内存访问和任意内存写入。

AI Predicted 9.8 Difficulty: Hard EPSS 0.91% · P59
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-52471

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
ESP-NOW Integer Underflow Vulnerability Advisory
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. An integer underflow vulnerability has been identified in the ESP-NOW protocol implementation within the ESP Wi-Fi component of versions 5.4.1, 5.3.3, 5.2.5, and 5.1.6 of the ESP-IDF framework. This issue stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied data length in the packet receive function. Under certain conditions, this may lead to out-of-bounds memory access and may allow arbitrary memory write operations. On systems without a memory protection scheme, this behavior could potentially be used to achieve remote code execution (RCE) on the target device. In versions 5.4.2, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, and 5.1.6, ESP-NOW has added more comprehensive validation logic on user-supplied data length during packet reception to prevent integer underflow caused by negative value calculations. For ESP-IDF v5.3 and earlier, a workaround can be applied by validating that the `data_len` parameter received in the RX callback (registered via `esp_now_register_recv_cb()`) is a positive value before further processing. For ESP-IDF v5.4 and later, no application-level workaround is available. Users are advised to upgrade to a patched version of ESP-IDF to take advantage of the built-in mitigation.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
整数下溢(超界折返)
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
ESP-IDF 数字错误漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
ESP-IDF是Espressif开源的一个 Windows、Linux 和 macOS 上支持的 Espressif SoC 的开发框架。 ESP-IDF 5.4.1版本、5.3.3版本、5.2.5版本和5.1.6版本存在数字错误漏洞，该漏洞源于ESP-NOW协议实现中存在整数下溢，可能导致越界内存访问和任意内存写入。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
espressif esp-idf = 5.4.1 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-52471

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-52471

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Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-52471 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: esp-idf
Same vendor: espressif
Same weakness: CWE-191

V. Comments for CVE-2025-52471

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