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CVE-2025-52484— RISC Zero zkVM Underconstrained Vulnerability

Quick assessment

Affected
risc0 risc0
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

BlueRiSC WindowsSCOPE Cyber Forensics是BlueRiSC公司的一个基于 GUI 的内存取证捕获和分析工具包。 BlueRiSC WindowsSCOPE Cyber Forensics存在数据伪造问题漏洞，该漏洞源于rv32im电路缺少约束，可能导致恶意证明者攻击。

AI Predicted 8.1 Difficulty: Moderate EPSS 0.27% · P17

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1068 · Exploitation for Privilege Escalation
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-52484

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
RISC Zero zkVM Underconstrained Vulnerability
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
RISC Zero is a general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. Due to a missing constraint in the rv32im circuit, any 3-register RISC-V instruction (including remu and divu) in risc0-zkvm 2.0.0, 2.0.1, and 2.0.2 are vulnerable to an attack by a malicious prover. The main idea for the attack is to confuse the RISC-V virtual machine into treating the value of the rs1 register as the same as the rs2 register due to a lack of constraints in the rv32im circuit. Rust applications using the risc0-zkvm crate at versions 2.0.0, 2.0.1, and 2.0.2 should upgrade to version 2.1.0. Smart contract applications using the official RISC Zero Verifier Router do not need to take any action: zkVM version 2.1 is active on all official routers, and version 2.0 has been disabled. Smart contract applications not using the verifier router should update their contracts to send verification calls to the 2.1 version of the verifier.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
对数据真实性的验证不充分
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
BlueRiSC WindowsSCOPE Cyber Forensics 数据伪造问题漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
BlueRiSC WindowsSCOPE Cyber Forensics是BlueRiSC公司的一个基于 GUI 的内存取证捕获和分析工具包。 BlueRiSC WindowsSCOPE Cyber Forensics存在数据伪造问题漏洞，该漏洞源于rv32im电路缺少约束，可能导致恶意证明者攻击。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
risc0 risc0 >= 2.0.0, < 2.1.0 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-52484

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-52484

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-52484 (3)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: risc0
Same vendor: risc0
Same weakness: CWE-345

V. Comments for CVE-2025-52484

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