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CVE-2025-54887— jwe: Missing AES-GCM authentication tag validation in encrypted JWEs

Quick assessment

Affected
jwt ruby-jwe
Exploitation
Public or AI PoC available; prioritize validation
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

JWE是JSON Web Token开源的一个Ruby的JSON Web加密库。 JWE 1.1.0及之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于加密JWE的认证标签可被暴力破解，可能导致机密性丧失。

CVSS 9.1 · Critical EPSS 0.25% · P16

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 2 AI

T1530 · Data from Cloud Storage T1408.002
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-54887

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
jwe: Missing AES-GCM authentication tag validation in encrypted JWEs
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences and the GCM internal GHASH key can be recovered. Users are affected by this vulnerability even if they do not use an AES-GCM encryption algorithm for their JWEs. As the GHASH key may have been leaked, users must rotate the encryption keys after upgrading. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.1.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
完整性检查值验证不恰当
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
JWE 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
JWE是JSON Web Token开源的一个Ruby的JSON Web加密库。 JWE 1.1.0及之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于加密JWE的认证标签可被暴力破解，可能导致机密性丧失。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

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Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
jwt ruby-jwe < 1.1.1 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-54887

# POC Description Source Link Shenlong Link
1 Proof of Concept for CVE-2025-54887 https://github.com/shinigami-777/PoC_CVE-2025-54887 POC Details
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Qwen3.6-35B-A3B · 8638 chars
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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-54887

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IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same vendor: jwt
Same weakness: CWE-354

V. Comments for CVE-2025-54887

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