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CVE-2025-54999— OpenBao: Timing Side-Channel in Userpass Auth Method

Quick assessment

Affected
openbao openbao
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

OpenBao是OpenBao开源的一个敏感数据管理软件。 OpenBao 0.1.0至2.3.1版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于userpass认证方法存在用户枚举风险，可能导致信息泄露。

CVSS 3.7 · Low EPSS 0.19% · P8

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1110 · Brute Force
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-54999

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
OpenBao: Timing Side-Channel in Userpass Auth Method
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
OpenBao exists to provide a software solution to manage, store, and distribute sensitive data including secrets, certificates, and keys. In versions 0.1.0 through 2.3.1, when using OpenBao's userpass auth method, user enumeration was possible due to timing difference between non-existent users and users with stored credentials. This is independent of whether the supplied credentials were valid for the given user. This issue was fixed in version 2.3.2. To work around this issue, users may use another auth method or apply rate limiting quotas to limit the number of requests in a period of time: https://openbao.org/api-docs/system/rate-limit-quotas/.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
通过差异性导致的信息暴露
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
OpenBao 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
OpenBao是OpenBao开源的一个敏感数据管理软件。 OpenBao 0.1.0至2.3.1版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于userpass认证方法存在用户枚举风险，可能导致信息泄露。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
openbao openbao >= 0.1.0, < 2.3.2 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-54999

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-54999

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Other References for CVE-2025-54999 (2)

Same Patch Batch · openbao · 2025-08-09 · 7 CVEs total

CVE-2025-54997 9.1 CRITICAL OpenBao: Privileged Operator May Execute Code on the Underlying Host
CVE-2025-54996 7.2 HIGH OpenBao Root Namespace Operator May Elevate Token Privileges
CVE-2025-55001 6.5 MEDIUM OpenBao LDAP MFA Enforcement Bypass When Using Username As Alias
CVE-2025-55000 6.5 MEDIUM OpenBao TOTP Secrets Engine Enables Code Reuse
CVE-2025-55003 5.7 MEDIUM OpenBao Login MFA Bypasses Rate Limiting and TOTP Token Reuse
CVE-2025-54998 5.3 MEDIUM OpenBao Userpass and LDAP User Lockout Bypass

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: openbao
Same vendor: openbao
Same weakness: CWE-203

V. Comments for CVE-2025-54999

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