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CVE-2025-55003— OpenBao Login MFA Bypasses Rate Limiting and TOTP Token Reuse

Quick assessment

Affected
openbao openbao
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

OpenBao是OpenBao开源的一个敏感数据管理软件。 OpenBao 2.3.1及之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于TOTP库对包含空白的代码进行了规范化处理，可能导致绕过内部速率限制和重用现有MFA代码。

CVSS 5.7 · Medium EPSS 0.25% · P16
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-55003

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
OpenBao Login MFA Bypasses Rate Limiting and TOTP Token Reuse
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
OpenBao exists to provide a software solution to manage, store, and distribute sensitive data including secrets, certificates, and keys. In versions 2.3.1 and below, OpenBao's Login Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) system allows enforcing MFA using Time-based One Time Password (TOTP). Due to normalization applied by the underlying TOTP library, codes were accepted which could contain whitespace; this whitespace could bypass internal rate limiting of the MFA method and allow reuse of existing MFA codes. This issue was fixed in version 2.3.2. To work around this, use of rate-limiting quotas can limit an attacker's ability to exploit this: https://openbao.org/api-docs/system/rate-limit-quotas/.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
过多认证尝试的限制不恰当
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
OpenBao 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
OpenBao是OpenBao开源的一个敏感数据管理软件。 OpenBao 2.3.1及之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于TOTP库对包含空白的代码进行了规范化处理，可能导致绕过内部速率限制和重用现有MFA代码。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
openbao openbao < 2.3.2 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-55003

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-55003

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-55003 (1)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-55003 (1)

Other References for CVE-2025-55003 (1)

Same Patch Batch · openbao · 2025-08-09 · 7 CVEs total

CVE-2025-54997 9.1 CRITICAL OpenBao: Privileged Operator May Execute Code on the Underlying Host
CVE-2025-54996 7.2 HIGH OpenBao Root Namespace Operator May Elevate Token Privileges
CVE-2025-55001 6.5 MEDIUM OpenBao LDAP MFA Enforcement Bypass When Using Username As Alias
CVE-2025-55000 6.5 MEDIUM OpenBao TOTP Secrets Engine Enables Code Reuse
CVE-2025-54998 5.3 MEDIUM OpenBao Userpass and LDAP User Lockout Bypass
CVE-2025-54999 3.7 LOW OpenBao: Timing Side-Channel in Userpass Auth Method

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: openbao
Same vendor: openbao
Same weakness: CWE-307

V. Comments for CVE-2025-55003

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