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CVE-2025-61780— Rack has Possible Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Quick assessment

Affected
rack rack
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Rack是Rack开源的一个模块化的Ruby web服务器界面。 Rack 2.2.20之前版本、3.1.18之前版本和3.2.3之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于Rack::Sendfile在处理特制标头时可能绕过代理访问限制，导致信息泄露。

CVSS 5.8 · Medium EPSS 0.55% · P44
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-61780

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Rack has Possible Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.20, 3.1.18, and 3.2.3, a possible information disclosure vulnerability existed in `Rack::Sendfile` when running behind a proxy that supports `x-sendfile` headers (such as Nginx). Specially crafted headers could cause `Rack::Sendfile` to miscommunicate with the proxy and trigger unintended internal requests, potentially bypassing proxy-level access restrictions. When `Rack::Sendfile` received untrusted `x-sendfile-type` or `x-accel-mapping` headers from a client, it would interpret them as proxy configuration directives. This could cause the middleware to send a "redirect" response to the proxy, prompting it to reissue a new internal request that was not subject to the proxy's access controls. An attacker could exploit this by setting a crafted `x-sendfile-type: x-accel-redirect` header, setting a crafted `x-accel-mapping` header, and requesting a path that qualifies for proxy-based acceleration. Attackers could bypass proxy-enforced restrictions and access internal endpoints intended to be protected (such as administrative pages). The vulnerability did not allow arbitrary file reads but could expose sensitive application routes. This issue only affected systems meeting all of the following conditions: The application used `Rack::Sendfile` with a proxy that supports `x-accel-redirect` (e.g., Nginx); the proxy did **not** always set or remove the `x-sendfile-type` and `x-accel-mapping` headers; and the application exposed an endpoint that returned a body responding to `.to_path`. Users should upgrade to Rack versions 2.2.20, 3.1.18, or 3.2.3, which require explicit configuration to enable `x-accel-redirect`. Alternatively, configure the proxy to always set or strip the header, or in Rails applications, disable sendfile completely.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
信息暴露
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Rack 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Rack是Rack开源的一个模块化的Ruby web服务器界面。 Rack 2.2.20之前版本、3.1.18之前版本和3.2.3之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于Rack::Sendfile在处理特制标头时可能绕过代理访问限制，导致信息泄露。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
rack rack < 2.2.20 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-61780

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-61780

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-61780 (3)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-61780 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: rack
Same vendor: rack
Same weakness: CWE-200

V. Comments for CVE-2025-61780

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