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CVE-2025-68169— netpoll: Fix deadlock in memory allocation under spinlock

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于refill_skbs中内存分配时持有自旋锁，可能导致死锁。

AI Predicted 5.9 Difficulty: Moderate EPSS 0.19% · P8

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1499 · Endpoint Denial of Service

Affected Version Matrix 6

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 248f6571fd4c51531f7f8f07f186f7ae98a50afc< 06742a3ab884d7428c9050b205ffcf6a8a548397 affected
248f6571fd4c51531f7f8f07f186f7ae98a50afc< 327c20c21d80e0d87834b392d83ae73c955ad8ff affected
6.15 affected
< 6.15 unaffected
6.17.8≤ 6.17.* unaffected
6.18≤ * unaffected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-68169

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
netpoll: Fix deadlock in memory allocation under spinlock
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netpoll: Fix deadlock in memory allocation under spinlock Fix a AA deadlock in refill_skbs() where memory allocation while holding skb_pool->lock can trigger a recursive lock acquisition attempt. The deadlock scenario occurs when the system is under severe memory pressure: 1. refill_skbs() acquires skb_pool->lock (spinlock) 2. alloc_skb() is called while holding the lock 3. Memory allocator fails and calls slab_out_of_memory() 4. This triggers printk() for the OOM warning 5. The console output path calls netpoll_send_udp() 6. netpoll_send_udp() attempts to acquire the same skb_pool->lock 7. Deadlock: the lock is already held by the same CPU Call stack: refill_skbs() spin_lock_irqsave(&skb_pool->lock) <- lock acquired __alloc_skb() kmem_cache_alloc_node_noprof() slab_out_of_memory() printk() console_flush_all() netpoll_send_udp() skb_dequeue() spin_lock_irqsave(&skb_pool->lock) <- deadlock attempt This bug was exposed by commit 248f6571fd4c51 ("netpoll: Optimize skb refilling on critical path") which removed refill_skbs() from the critical path (where nested printk was being deferred), letting nested printk being called from inside refill_skbs() Refactor refill_skbs() to never allocate memory while holding the spinlock. Another possible solution to fix this problem is protecting the refill_skbs() from nested printks, basically calling printk_deferred_{enter,exit}() in refill_skbs(), then, any nested pr_warn() would be deferred. I prefer this approach, given I _think_ it might be a good idea to move the alloc_skb() from GFP_ATOMIC to GFP_KERNEL in the future, so, having the alloc_skb() outside of the lock will be necessary step. There is a possible TOCTOU issue when checking for the pool length, and queueing the new allocated skb, but, this is not an issue, given that an extra SKB in the pool is harmless and it will be eventually used.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于refill_skbs中内存分配时持有自旋锁，可能导致死锁。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 248f6571fd4c51531f7f8f07f186f7ae98a50afc ~ 06742a3ab884d7428c9050b205ffcf6a8a548397 -
Linux Linux 6.15 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-68169

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-68169

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Other References for CVE-2025-68169 (2)

Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-12-16 · 156 CVEs total

CVE-2025-68263 9.8 CRITICAL ksmbd: ipc: fix use-after-free in ipc_msg_send_request
CVE-2025-68284 9.8 CRITICAL libceph: prevent potential out-of-bounds writes in handle_auth_session_key()
CVE-2025-68315 9.8 CRITICAL f2fs: fix to detect potential corrupted nid in free_nid_list
CVE-2025-68192 9.8 CRITICAL net: usb: qmi_wwan: initialize MAC header offset in qmimux_rx_fixup
CVE-2025-68301 9.8 CRITICAL net: atlantic: fix fragment overflow handling in RX path
CVE-2025-68285 9.8 CRITICAL libceph: fix potential use-after-free in have_mon_and_osd_map()
CVE-2025-40350 9.8 CRITICAL net/mlx5e: RX, Fix generating skb from non-linear xdp_buff for striding RQ
CVE-2025-68256 8.8 HIGH staging: rtl8723bs: fix out-of-bounds read in rtw_get_ie() parser
CVE-2025-68304 8.8 HIGH Bluetooth: hci_core: lookup hci_conn on RX path on protocol side
CVE-2025-68255 8.8 HIGH staging: rtl8723bs: fix stack buffer overflow in OnAssocReq IE parsing
CVE-2025-68314 8.8 HIGH drm/msm: make sure last_fence is always updated
CVE-2025-68226 8.8 HIGH smb: client: fix incomplete backport in cfids_invalidation_worker()
CVE-2025-40362 8.8 HIGH ceph: fix multifs mds auth caps issue
CVE-2025-68250 8.2 HIGH hung_task: fix warnings caused by unaligned lock pointers
CVE-2025-68207 7.8 HIGH drm/xe/guc: Synchronize Dead CT worker with unbind
CVE-2025-68208 7.8 HIGH bpf: account for current allocated stack depth in widen_imprecise_scalars()
CVE-2025-68179 7.8 HIGH s390: Disable ARCH_WANT_OPTIMIZE_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP
CVE-2025-68183 7.8 HIGH ima: don't clear IMA_DIGSIG flag when setting or removing non-IMA xattr
CVE-2025-68181 7.8 HIGH drm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()
CVE-2025-68265 7.8 HIGH nvme: fix admin request_queue lifetime

Showing top 20 of 156 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-68169

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