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CVE-2025-9231— Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM

Quick assessment

Affected
OpenSSL OpenSSL
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

OpenSSL是OpenSSL团队的一个开源的能够实现安全套接层（SSLv2/v3）和安全传输层（TLSv1）协议的通用加密库。该产品支持多种加密算法，包括对称密码、哈希算法、安全散列算法等。 OpenSSL 3.5版本、3.4版本、3.3版本、3.2版本、3.1版本和3.0版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于SM2算法实现存在时序侧信道，可能导致私钥恢复。

AI Predicted 5.9 Difficulty: Hard EPSS 2.24% · P82

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1530 · Data from Cloud Storage

Affected Version Matrix 4

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
OpenSSL OpenSSL 3.5.0< 3.5.4 affected
3.4.0< 3.4.3 affected
3.3.0< 3.3.5 affected
3.2.0< 3.2.6 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-9231

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Issue summary: A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote recovery of the private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64 bit ARM platforms. Impact summary: A timing side-channel in SM2 signature computations on 64 bit ARM platforms could allow recovering the private key by an attacker.. While remote key recovery over a network was not attempted by the reporter, timing measurements revealed a timing signal which may allow such an attack. OpenSSL does not directly support certificates with SM2 keys in TLS, and so this CVE is not relevant in most TLS contexts. However, given that it is possible to add support for such certificates via a custom provider, coupled with the fact that in such a custom provider context the private key may be recoverable via remote timing measurements, we consider this to be a Moderate severity issue. The FIPS modules in 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as SM2 is not an approved algorithm.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
隐蔽时间通道
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
OpenSSL 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
OpenSSL是OpenSSL团队的一个开源的能够实现安全套接层（SSLv2/v3）和安全传输层（TLSv1）协议的通用加密库。该产品支持多种加密算法，包括对称密码、哈希算法、安全散列算法等。 OpenSSL 3.5版本、3.4版本、3.3版本、3.2版本、3.1版本和3.0版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于SM2算法实现存在时序侧信道，可能导致私钥恢复。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
OpenSSL OpenSSL 3.5.0 ~ 3.5.4 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-9231

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-9231

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-9231 (4)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-9231 (1)

Same Patch Batch · OpenSSL · 2025-09-30 · 3 CVEs total

CVE-2025-9232 Out-of-bounds read in HTTP client no_proxy handling
CVE-2025-9230 Out-of-bounds read & write in RFC 3211 KEK Unwrap

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: OpenSSL
Same vendor: OpenSSL
Same weakness: CWE-385

V. Comments for CVE-2025-9231

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