CVE-2026-104425— Zebra before 6.1.0 Batch-Verification Poisoning DoS via Unattributed Pushed Transactions
Quick assessment
Affected
ZcashFoundation zebra
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.
ZcashFoundation Zebra 6.1.0 之前的版本中存在一个资源耗尽漏洞，该漏洞允许未经身份验证的对等节点通过推送带有无效 Orchard 证明的交易来降低区块处理性能，而不会被判定为恶意行为并评分。攻击者可以反复将无效的证明推送到共享的 halo2 批量验证器中，迫使合法的区块证明进入较慢的单独验证路径，从而使区块处理速度降低大约七倍。
Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI
T1496 · Resource HijackingAffected Version Matrix 2
| Vendor | Product | Version Range | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZcashFoundation | zebra | < 6.1.0 |
affected |
6.1.0 |
unaffected |
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-104425
Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Zebra before 6.1.0 Batch-Verification Poisoning DoS via Unattributed Pushed Transactions
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
ZcashFoundation Zebra before 6.1.0 contains a resource exhaustion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated peers to degrade block processing by pushing transactions with invalid Orchard proofs without being misbehavior-scored. Attackers can repeatedly push invalid proofs into the shared halo2 batch verifier, forcing honest block proofs onto the slow individual-verification path and slowing block processing roughly sevenfold.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
不对称的资源消耗(放大攻击)
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Affected Products
| Vendor | Product | Affected Versions | CPE | Subscribe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZcashFoundation | zebra | 0 ~ 6.1.0 | - |
|
II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-104425
| # | POC Description | Source Link | Shenlong Link |
|---|
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Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-104425 (2)
Same Patch Batch · ZcashFoundation · 2026-10-02 · 18 CVEs total
| CVE-2026-104422 | 7.5 HIGH | Zebra before 6.3.0 Block Sync Denial of Service via Coinbase scriptSig Rewrite |
| CVE-2026-104431 | 7.5 HIGH | Zebra before 6.0.0 Denial of Service via Synchronous Script FFI Verification |
| CVE-2026-104430 | 7.5 HIGH | Zebra 4.5.0 Consensus Split via P2SH Sigop Overcount |
| CVE-2026-104423 | 7.5 HIGH | Zebra before 6.2.1 Denial of Service via Uncapped V6 Shielded Proof Verification |
| CVE-2026-104437 | 7.4 HIGH | Zebra before 4.4.0 Consensus Split via SIGHASH_SINGLE Missing-Output Handling |
| CVE-2026-104435 | 7.4 HIGH | Zebra 4.4.0 Consensus Divergence via V5 SIGHASH_SINGLE Without Output |
| CVE-2026-104434 | 6.5 MEDIUM | Zebra before 8.0.0 Denial of Service via z_listunifiedreceivers RPC |
| CVE-2026-104426 | 5.9 MEDIUM | Zebra before 6.1.0 Quadratic Complexity DoS via Block Transparent Value Check |
| CVE-2026-104427 | 5.9 MEDIUM | Zebra before 6.1.0 Chain Stall via Stale parent_error_map Entry |
| CVE-2026-104432 | 5.3 MEDIUM | Zebra before 6.3.0 False Readiness via Discarded One-Hash FindBlocks Response |
| CVE-2026-104420 | 5.3 MEDIUM | Zebra before 6.3.0 Peer Misbehavior Ban Bypass via Gossiped Blocks |
| CVE-2026-104429 | 5.3 MEDIUM | Zebra before 6.0.0-rc.0 Per-Peer Mempool Admission Bypass via P2P tx Messages |
| CVE-2026-104421 | 5.3 MEDIUM | Zebra before 6.2.1 Block Download Denial of Service via KnownBlock SentHashes Lockout |
| CVE-2026-104428 | 5.3 MEDIUM | Zebra before 11.0.0 Denial of Service via getblock Verbosity 2 |
| CVE-2026-104419 | 4.8 MEDIUM | Zebra before 6.3.0 Honest Peer Banning via Far-Ahead FindBlocks Hashes |
| CVE-2026-104436 | 3.7 LOW | Zebra before 4.5.0 CPU Amplification via Uncapped getblocks/getheaders Locator Length |
| CVE-2026-104424 | 3.7 LOW | Zebra before 6.1.0 Incorrect Block Size Calculation in getblocktemplate |
IV. Related Vulnerabilities
Same product: zebra
-
CVE-2026-104437
Zebra before 4.4.0 Consensus Split via SIGHASH_SINGLE Missin -
CVE-2026-104436
Zebra before 4.5.0 CPU Amplification via Uncapped getblocks/ -
CVE-2026-104434
Zebra before 8.0.0 Denial of Service via z_listunifiedreceiv -
CVE-2026-104435
Zebra 4.4.0 Consensus Divergence via V5 SIGHASH_SINGLE Witho -
CVE-2026-104432
Zebra before 6.3.0 False Readiness via Discarded One-Hash Fi
Same vendor: ZcashFoundation
-
CVE-2026-104437
Zebra before 4.4.0 Consensus Split via SIGHASH_SINGLE Missin -
CVE-2026-104436
Zebra before 4.5.0 CPU Amplification via Uncapped getblocks/ -
CVE-2026-104434
Zebra before 8.0.0 Denial of Service via z_listunifiedreceiv -
CVE-2026-104435
Zebra 4.4.0 Consensus Divergence via V5 SIGHASH_SINGLE Witho -
CVE-2026-104431
Zebra before 6.0.0 Denial of Service via Synchronous Script
Same weakness: CWE-405
-
CVE-2026-104431
Zebra before 6.0.0 Denial of Service via Synchronous Script -
CVE-2026-104423
Zebra before 6.2.1 Denial of Service via Uncapped V6 Shielde -
CVE-2026-103880
Apache Directory LDAP API: Denial of service via excessive b -
CVE-2026-75029
Message parser retains every identical singleton RDATA, enab -
CVE-2026-68531
Concrete CMS below 9.5.3 is vulnerable to Authenticated Deni
V. Comments for CVE-2026-104425
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