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CVE-2026-104435— Zebra 4.4.0 Consensus Divergence via V5 SIGHASH_SINGLE Without Output

Quick assessment

Affected
ZcashFoundation zebra
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Zebra zebrad 4.4.0 和 zebra-script 6.0.0 未能强制执行 ZIP-244 共识规则，接受了缺少对应输出的 SIGHASH_SINGLE 签名的 V5 透明输入。攻击者可以广播经过构造的、输入多于输出的 V5 交易，这些交易会被 Zebra 接受但被 zcashd 拒绝，从而导致网络共识分裂。

CVSS 7.4 · High

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1498 · Network Denial of Service

Affected Version Matrix 4

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
ZcashFoundation zebra 4.4.0< 4.4.1 affected
4.4.1 unaffected
6.0.0< 6.0.1 affected
6.0.1 unaffected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-104435

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Zebra 4.4.0 Consensus Divergence via V5 SIGHASH_SINGLE Without Output
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Zebra zebrad 4.4.0 and zebra-script 6.0.0 fail to enforce a ZIP-244 consensus rule, accepting V5 transparent inputs signed with SIGHASH_SINGLE that lack a corresponding output. Attackers can broadcast crafted V5 transactions with more inputs than outputs that Zebra accepts but zcashd rejects, causing a network consensus split.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
密码学签名的验证不恰当
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
ZcashFoundation zebra 4.4.0 ~ 4.4.1 -
ZcashFoundation zebra 6.0.0 ~ 6.0.1 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-104435

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-104435

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Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-104435 (2)

Same Patch Batch · ZcashFoundation · 2026-10-02 · 18 CVEs total

CVE-2026-104422 7.5 HIGH Zebra before 6.3.0 Block Sync Denial of Service via Coinbase scriptSig Rewrite
CVE-2026-104431 7.5 HIGH Zebra before 6.0.0 Denial of Service via Synchronous Script FFI Verification
CVE-2026-104430 7.5 HIGH Zebra 4.5.0 Consensus Split via P2SH Sigop Overcount
CVE-2026-104423 7.5 HIGH Zebra before 6.2.1 Denial of Service via Uncapped V6 Shielded Proof Verification
CVE-2026-104437 7.4 HIGH Zebra before 4.4.0 Consensus Split via SIGHASH_SINGLE Missing-Output Handling
CVE-2026-104434 6.5 MEDIUM Zebra before 8.0.0 Denial of Service via z_listunifiedreceivers RPC
CVE-2026-104426 5.9 MEDIUM Zebra before 6.1.0 Quadratic Complexity DoS via Block Transparent Value Check
CVE-2026-104427 5.9 MEDIUM Zebra before 6.1.0 Chain Stall via Stale parent_error_map Entry
CVE-2026-104425 5.3 MEDIUM Zebra before 6.1.0 Batch-Verification Poisoning DoS via Unattributed Pushed Transactions
CVE-2026-104432 5.3 MEDIUM Zebra before 6.3.0 False Readiness via Discarded One-Hash FindBlocks Response
CVE-2026-104420 5.3 MEDIUM Zebra before 6.3.0 Peer Misbehavior Ban Bypass via Gossiped Blocks
CVE-2026-104429 5.3 MEDIUM Zebra before 6.0.0-rc.0 Per-Peer Mempool Admission Bypass via P2P tx Messages
CVE-2026-104421 5.3 MEDIUM Zebra before 6.2.1 Block Download Denial of Service via KnownBlock SentHashes Lockout
CVE-2026-104428 5.3 MEDIUM Zebra before 11.0.0 Denial of Service via getblock Verbosity 2
CVE-2026-104419 4.8 MEDIUM Zebra before 6.3.0 Honest Peer Banning via Far-Ahead FindBlocks Hashes
CVE-2026-104436 3.7 LOW Zebra before 4.5.0 CPU Amplification via Uncapped getblocks/getheaders Locator Length
CVE-2026-104424 3.7 LOW Zebra before 6.1.0 Incorrect Block Size Calculation in getblocktemplate

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: zebra
Same vendor: ZcashFoundation
Same weakness: CWE-347

V. Comments for CVE-2026-104435

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