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CVE-2026-104635— Uncontrolled recursion in elixir-protobuf/protobuf JSON decoding of self-referential messages

Quick assessment

Affected
elixir-protobuf protobuf
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

漏洞描述： 库中的 存在不受控制的递归漏洞。未认证的远程攻击者可通过构造深层嵌套的 JSON 文档，导致 JSON 解码过程崩溃。任何使用 、 或 对攻击者提供的 JSON 进行解码，且该 JSON 映射到包含自引用或循环消息类型的 Protobuf 模式的 Elixir 应用，均受此漏洞影响。 技术细节： 在 文件中， 函数的 子句在处理每个嵌套层级时，会无条件地递归调用 ，而未递增或未检查解码器的深度计数器。尽管存在 深度保护机制，但该保护仅适用于 和 类型，对自定义消息类型无效。因此， 配置选项对用户自定义消

CVSS 8.2 · High

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1190 · Exploit Public-Facing Application
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-104635

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Uncontrolled recursion in elixir-protobuf/protobuf JSON decoding of self-referential messages
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Protobuf.JSON.Decode in elixir-protobuf protobuf allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the decoding process via a deeply nested JSON document. Any application that decodes attacker-supplied JSON with Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, or Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 into a schema that contains a self-referential or cyclic message type is affected. In lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex, the embedded-message clause of decode_singular/3 recurses into internal_from_json_data/3 once per nesting level without incrementing or checking the decoder's depth counter. The depth guard increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1 covers only the Google.Protobuf.ListValue and Google.Protobuf.Struct clauses, so the recursion_limit option has no effect on user-defined message types. Each nesting level allocates a stack frame and heap objects, and a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected. This issue affects protobuf: from 0.8.0 before 0.17.1.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
未经控制的递归
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
elixir-protobuf protobuf 0.8.0 ~ 0.17.1 cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
elixir-protobuf protobuf b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370 ~ e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-104635

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-104635

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Other References for CVE-2026-104635 (4)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: protobuf
Same vendor: elixir-protobuf
Same weakness: CWE-674

V. Comments for CVE-2026-104635

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