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CVE-2026-10685— Use-after-free of GATT subscribe params in Bluetooth host CCC-write response handler

Quick assessment

Affected
zephyrproject zephyr
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

zephyrproject zephyr是zephyrproject组织开源的一款实时操作系统内核。 zephyrproject zephyr 2.4.0版本至4.5.0之前版本存在资源管理错误漏洞，该漏洞源于Bluetooth GATT客户端CCC写入响应处理程序gatt_write_ccc_rsp()在通知终止后调用subscribe()回调，导致释放后重用，可能造成内存损坏、崩溃或攻击者影响控制流。

CVSS 7.6 · High EPSS 0.30% · P21

Affected Version Matrix 1

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
zephyrproject zephyr 2.4.0< 4.4.2 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-10685

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Use-after-free of GATT subscribe params in Bluetooth host CCC-write response handler
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
The Zephyr Bluetooth GATT client CCC-write response handler gatt_write_ccc_rsp() in subsys/bluetooth/host/gatt.c invoked the application's params->subscribe() callback after it had already called params->notify(conn, params, NULL, 0). Per the public GATT API, a notify callback with NULL data is the documented signal that the subscription has terminated and the bt_gatt_subscribe_params struct may be freed or reused by the application; calling subscribe() on the struct afterwards is a use-after-free, including an indirect call through the freed params->subscribe function pointer. The error branch is remotely (adjacent) reachable: a Zephyr device acting as a GATT client that calls bt_gatt_subscribe() can be driven into this ordering when a connected GATT server peer answers the CCC write with an ATT Error Response (the peer-supplied error code flows through att_error_rsp -> att_handle_rsp into gatt_write_ccc_rsp). For applications that free or recycle subscription parameters in their notification-termination handler, this results in memory corruption, a crash (denial of service), or potentially attacker-influenced control flow. The fix reorders the handler so the subscribe() callback runs before the terminating notify(NULL) in both the error and unsubscribe paths.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
释放后使用
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
zephyrproject zephyr 资源管理错误漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
zephyrproject zephyr是zephyrproject组织开源的一款实时操作系统内核。 zephyrproject zephyr 2.4.0版本至4.5.0之前版本存在资源管理错误漏洞，该漏洞源于Bluetooth GATT客户端CCC写入响应处理程序gatt_write_ccc_rsp()在通知终止后调用subscribe()回调，导致释放后重用，可能造成内存损坏、崩溃或攻击者影响控制流。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
zephyrproject zephyr 2.4.0 ~ 4.4.2 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-10685

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-10685

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2026-10685 (1)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-10685 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: zephyr
Same vendor: zephyrproject
Same weakness: CWE-416

V. Comments for CVE-2026-10685

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