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CVE-2026-11742— Use-after-free race in kernel `k_queue_peek_head/tail` due to missing spinlock

Quick assessment

Affected
zephyrproject zephyr
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

zephyrproject zephyr是zephyrproject组织开源的一款实时操作系统内核。 zephyrproject zephyr 1.12.0版本至4.4.2之前版本存在资源管理错误漏洞，该漏洞源于z_queue_node_peek函数在未持有队列自旋锁时解引用队列节点，导致释放后重用，可能造成堆内容泄露或系统崩溃。

CVSS 3.6 · Low EPSS 0.09% · P1

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1059 · Command and Scripting Interpreter

Affected Version Matrix 1

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
zephyrproject zephyr 1.12.0< 4.4.2 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-11742

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Use-after-free race in kernel `k_queue_peek_head/tail` due to missing spinlock
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
The kernel queue helper z_queue_node_peek() in kernel/queue.c dereferences a node taken from a queue's data_q list, reading the node's flag byte and, for items enqueued via k_queue_alloc_append/alloc_prepend, the data pointer of an internally allocated alloc_node struct. The implementations of z_impl_k_queue_peek_head() and z_impl_k_queue_peek_tail() performed this read-and-dereference without holding the queue's spinlock, while every other accessor of the same list — including k_queue_get(), which unlinks a node and k_free()s its backing alloc_node — operates under that lock. Because peek was unsynchronized, a concurrent k_queue_get() on the same queue (on an SMP build, or under preemption/ISR concurrency) can free the node between the moment peek obtains the node pointer and the moment it dereferences it. The peek then reads flag bits and a data pointer out of freed, potentially re-allocated heap memory and returns a stale or dangling pointer to its caller. k_fifo and k_lifo are thin wrappers over k_queue, so this affects buffer queues used throughout the net_buf, Bluetooth, USB, and networking subsystems; the peek operations are also system calls reachable from CONFIG_USERSPACE threads. The consequences are a use-after-free read that can leak stale heap contents (one pointer word) and, when the returned dangling pointer is subsequently consumed as a live buffer, a dereference that can crash the system or corrupt memory. Exploitation requires winning a small race window with local access (e.g. a userspace process racing k_queue_peek_* against k_queue_get on a shared queue, or two CPUs), so practical impact is bounded and of low severity. The fix wraps both peek implementations with k_spin_lock/k_spin_unlock on the queue lock, making the read-and-dereference atomic with respect to the concurrent unlink-and-free and bringing peek into line with the rest of the queue's locking discipline.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
释放后使用
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
zephyrproject zephyr 资源管理错误漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
zephyrproject zephyr是zephyrproject组织开源的一款实时操作系统内核。 zephyrproject zephyr 1.12.0版本至4.4.2之前版本存在资源管理错误漏洞，该漏洞源于z_queue_node_peek函数在未持有队列自旋锁时解引用队列节点，导致释放后重用，可能造成堆内容泄露或系统崩溃。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
zephyrproject zephyr 1.12.0 ~ 4.4.2 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-11742

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-11742

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2026-11742 (1)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-11742 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: zephyr
Same vendor: zephyrproject
Same weakness: CWE-416

V. Comments for CVE-2026-11742

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