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CVE-2026-23402— KVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于直接MMU中覆盖影子存在SPTE时检查不当，可能导致内存损坏。

AI Predicted 4.3 Difficulty: Theoretical EPSS 0.17% · P5

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1055 · Process Injection

Affected Version Matrix 8

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 11d45175111d933c5175acc28e56af2213dd5cd6< bab090e8fd5607f77379ea78b9d0c683cb1538a9 affected
11d45175111d933c5175acc28e56af2213dd5cd6< a1e0f7150639bc30a8e75476d1c7daab77d44992 affected
11d45175111d933c5175acc28e56af2213dd5cd6< df83746075778958954aa0460cca55f4b3fc9c02 affected
6.16 affected
< 6.16 unaffected
6.18.21≤ 6.18.* unaffected
6.19.11≤ 6.19.* unaffected
7.0≤ * unaffected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-23402

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
KVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE Adjust KVM's sanity check against overwriting a shadow-present SPTE with a another SPTE with a different target PFN to only apply to direct MMUs, i.e. only to MMUs without shadowed gPTEs. While it's impossible for KVM to overwrite a shadow-present SPTE in response to a guest write, writes from outside the scope of KVM, e.g. from host userspace, aren't detected by KVM's write tracking and so can break KVM's shadow paging rules. ------------[ cut here ]------------ pfn != spte_to_pfn(*sptep) WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:3069 at mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/872 Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 872 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015 RIP: 0010:mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm] Call Trace: <TASK> ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm] kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm] kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm] vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel] kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm] kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 </TASK> ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于直接MMU中覆盖影子存在SPTE时检查不当，可能导致内存损坏。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 11d45175111d933c5175acc28e56af2213dd5cd6 ~ bab090e8fd5607f77379ea78b9d0c683cb1538a9 -
Linux Linux 6.16 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-23402

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-23402

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Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2026-04-01 · 11 CVEs total

CVE-2026-23411 7.8 HIGH apparmor: fix race between freeing data and fs accessing it
CVE-2026-23410 7.8 HIGH apparmor: fix race on rawdata dereference
CVE-2026-23408 7.8 HIGH apparmor: Fix double free of ns_name in aa_replace_profiles()
CVE-2026-23407 7.8 HIGH apparmor: fix missing bounds check on DEFAULT table in verify_dfa()
CVE-2026-23406 7.8 HIGH apparmor: fix side-effect bug in match_char() macro usage
CVE-2026-23409 apparmor: fix differential encoding verification
CVE-2026-23405 apparmor: fix: limit the number of levels of policy namespaces
CVE-2026-23404 apparmor: replace recursive profile removal with iterative approach
CVE-2026-23403 apparmor: fix memory leak in verify_header
CVE-2026-23401 KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2026-23402

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