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CVE-2026-31413— bpf: Fix unsound scalar forking in maybe_fork_scalars() for BPF_OR

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于maybe_fork_scalars函数中BPF_OR指令的标量分叉逻辑错误，可能导致越界映射访问。

CVSS 7.8 · High EPSS 0.18% · P7

Affected Version Matrix 7

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux dea9989a3f3961faede93752cd81eb5a9514d911< 342aa1ee995ef5bbf876096dc3a5e51218d76fa4 affected
4c122e8ae14950cf6b59d208fc5160f7c601e746< 58bd87d0e69204dbd739e4387a1edb0c4b1644e7 affected
e52567173ba86dbffb990595fbe60e2e83899372< d13281ae7ea8902b21d99d10a2c8caf0bdec0455 affected
bffacdb80b93b7b5e96b26fad64cc490a6c7d6c7< c845894ebd6fb43226b3118d6b017942550910c5 affected
6.12.75< 6.12.80 affected
6.18.16< 6.18.21 affected
6.19.6< 6.19.11 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-31413

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
bpf: Fix unsound scalar forking in maybe_fork_scalars() for BPF_OR
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix unsound scalar forking in maybe_fork_scalars() for BPF_OR maybe_fork_scalars() is called for both BPF_AND and BPF_OR when the source operand is a constant. When dst has signed range [-1, 0], it forks the verifier state: the pushed path gets dst = 0, the current path gets dst = -1. For BPF_AND this is correct: 0 & K == 0. For BPF_OR this is wrong: 0 | K == K, not 0. The pushed path therefore tracks dst as 0 when the runtime value is K, producing an exploitable verifier/runtime divergence that allows out-of-bounds map access. Fix this by passing env->insn_idx (instead of env->insn_idx + 1) to push_stack(), so the pushed path re-executes the ALU instruction with dst = 0 and naturally computes the correct result for any opcode.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于maybe_fork_scalars函数中BPF_OR指令的标量分叉逻辑错误，可能导致越界映射访问。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux dea9989a3f3961faede93752cd81eb5a9514d911 ~ 342aa1ee995ef5bbf876096dc3a5e51218d76fa4 -
Linux Linux 6.12.75 ~ 6.12.80 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-31413

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-31413

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2026-31413 (4)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2026-31413

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