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CVE-2026-31663— xfrm: hold dev ref until after transport_finish NF_HOOK

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于xfrm中设备引用释放过早，可能导致竞争条件。

CVSS 7.8 · High EPSS 0.13% · P3

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1068 · Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Affected Version Matrix 16

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux acf568ee859f098279eadf551612f103afdacb4e< 4236c30b437b80f673b9e08c8fae38b8d471ac9e affected
acf568ee859f098279eadf551612f103afdacb4e< 0f451b43c88bf2b9c038b414be580efee42e031b affected
acf568ee859f098279eadf551612f103afdacb4e< 5002beda5cac69d522dc54da0d5d463ed9c963d2 affected
acf568ee859f098279eadf551612f103afdacb4e< 1c428b03840094410c5fb6a5db30640486bbbfcb affected
69895c5ea0ca2e8d7de1e6d36965d0ab9730787f affected
833760100588acfb267dac4d6a02ab9931237739 affected
e095ecaec6d94aa2156cceb98a85d409b51190f3 affected
3.2.100< 3.3 affected
… +8 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-31663

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
xfrm: hold dev ref until after transport_finish NF_HOOK
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: hold dev ref until after transport_finish NF_HOOK After async crypto completes, xfrm_input_resume() calls dev_put() immediately on re-entry before the skb reaches transport_finish. The skb->dev pointer is then used inside NF_HOOK and its okfn, which can race with device teardown. Remove the dev_put from the async resumption entry and instead drop the reference after the NF_HOOK call in transport_finish, using a saved device pointer since NF_HOOK may consume the skb. This covers NF_DROP, NF_QUEUE and NF_STOLEN paths that skip the okfn. For non-transport exits (decaps, gro, drop) and secondary async return points, release the reference inline when async is set.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于xfrm中设备引用释放过早，可能导致竞争条件。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux acf568ee859f098279eadf551612f103afdacb4e ~ 4236c30b437b80f673b9e08c8fae38b8d471ac9e -
Linux Linux 4.15 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-31663

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-31663

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2026-31663 (1)

Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2026-04-24 · 138 CVEs total

CVE-2026-31637 9.8 CRITICAL rxrpc: reject undecryptable rxkad response tickets
CVE-2026-31536 9.8 CRITICAL smb: server: let send_done handle a completion without IB_SEND_SIGNALED
CVE-2026-31589 9.8 CRITICAL mm: call ->free_folio() directly in folio_unmap_invalidate()
CVE-2026-31669 9.8 CRITICAL mptcp: fix slab-use-after-free in __inet_lookup_established
CVE-2026-31668 9.8 CRITICAL seg6: separate dst_cache for input and output paths in seg6 lwtunnel
CVE-2026-31649 9.8 CRITICAL net: stmmac: fix integer underflow in chain mode
CVE-2026-31633 9.8 CRITICAL rxrpc: Fix integer overflow in rxgk_verify_response()
CVE-2026-31607 9.8 CRITICAL usbip: validate number_of_packets in usbip_pack_ret_submit()
CVE-2026-31608 9.8 CRITICAL smb: server: avoid double-free in smb_direct_free_sendmsg after smb_direct_flush_send_list
CVE-2026-31609 9.8 CRITICAL smb: client: avoid double-free in smbd_free_send_io() after smbd_send_batch_flush()
CVE-2026-31657 9.8 CRITICAL batman-adv: hold claim backbone gateways by reference
CVE-2026-31659 9.8 CRITICAL batman-adv: reject oversized global TT response buffers
CVE-2026-31636 9.1 CRITICAL rxrpc: fix RESPONSE authenticator parser OOB read
CVE-2026-31588 8.8 HIGH KVM: x86: Use scratch field in MMIO fragment to hold small write values
CVE-2026-31570 8.8 HIGH can: gw: fix OOB heap access in cgw_csum_crc8_rel()
CVE-2026-31622 8.8 HIGH NFC: digital: Bounds check NFC-A cascade depth in SDD response handler
CVE-2026-31558 8.8 HIGH LoongArch: KVM: Make kvm_get_vcpu_by_cpuid() more robust
CVE-2026-31553 8.8 HIGH KVM: arm64: Fix the descriptor address in __kvm_at_swap_desc()
CVE-2026-31629 8.8 HIGH nfc: llcp: add missing return after LLCP_CLOSED checks
CVE-2026-31611 8.6 HIGH ksmbd: require 3 sub-authorities before reading sub_auth[2]

Showing top 20 of 138 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2026-31663

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