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CVE-2026-35391— Bulwark Webmail getClientIP() trusted client-controlled X-Forwarded-For value, enabling rate limit bypass and audit log forgery

Quick assessment

Affected
bulwarkmail webmail
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Bulwark Webmail是Bulwark Mail开源的一个自托管网页邮件客户端。 Bulwark Webmail 1.4.11之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于getClientIP函数信任客户端可控的X-Forwarded-For标头，可能导致绕过基于IP的速率限制或伪造审计日志。

AI Predicted 6.5 Difficulty: Easy EPSS 0.19% · P9
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-35391

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Bulwark Webmail getClientIP() trusted client-controlled X-Forwarded-For value, enabling rate limit bypass and audit log forgery
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Bulwark Webmail is a self-hosted webmail client for Stalwart Mail Server. Prior to 1.4.11, the getClientIP() function in lib/admin/session.ts trusted the first (leftmost) entry of the X-Forwarded-For header, which is fully controlled by the client. An attacker could forge their source IP address to bypass IP-based rate limiting (enabling brute-force attacks against the admin login) or forge audit log entries (making malicious activity appear to originate from arbitrary IP addresses). This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.11.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
使用不可信的源
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Bulwark Webmail 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Bulwark Webmail是Bulwark Mail开源的一个自托管网页邮件客户端。 Bulwark Webmail 1.4.11之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于getClientIP函数信任客户端可控的X-Forwarded-For标头，可能导致绕过基于IP的速率限制或伪造审计日志。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
bulwarkmail webmail < 1.4.11 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-35391

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-35391

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Same Patch Batch · bulwarkmail · 2026-04-06 · 3 CVEs total

CVE-2026-35390 Content-Security-Policy was set to Report-Only mode, failing to block XSS attacks
CVE-2026-35389 Bulwark Webmail S/MIME signature verification accepted self-signed certificates

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: webmail
Same vendor: bulwarkmail
Same weakness: CWE-348

V. Comments for CVE-2026-35391

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