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CVE-2026-40176— Composer is vulnerable to Command Injection via Malicious Perforce Repository

Quick assessment

Affected
composer composer
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Composer是Composer开源的一个应用软件。提供一个声明，管理和安装PHP项目的依赖项。 Composer 1.0至2.2.26版本和2.3至2.9.5版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于Perforce::generateP4Command方法存在命令注入问题，可能导致命令执行。

CVSS 7.8 · High EPSS 1.00% · P61

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1190 · Exploit Public-Facing Application

Affected Version Matrix 2

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
composer composer >= 2.3, < 2.9.6 affected
>= 1.0, < 2.2.27 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-40176

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Composer is vulnerable to Command Injection via Malicious Perforce Repository
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Composer is a dependency manager for PHP. Versions 1.0 through 2.2.26 and 2.3 through 2.9.5 contain a command injection vulnerability in the Perforce::generateP4Command() method, which constructs shell commands by interpolating user-supplied Perforce connection parameters (port, user, client) without proper escaping. An attacker can inject arbitrary commands through these values in a malicious composer.json declaring a Perforce VCS repository, leading to command execution in the context of the user running Composer, even if Perforce is not installed. VCS repositories are only loaded from the root composer.json or the composer config directory, so this cannot be exploited through composer.json files of packages installed as dependencies. Users are at risk if they run Composer commands on untrusted projects with attacker-supplied composer.json files. This issue has been fixed in Composer 2.2.27 (2.2 LTS) and 2.9.6 (mainline).
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
输入验证不恰当
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Composer 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Composer是Composer开源的一个应用软件。提供一个声明，管理和安装PHP项目的依赖项。 Composer 1.0至2.2.26版本和2.3至2.9.5版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于Perforce::generateP4Command方法存在命令注入问题，可能导致命令执行。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
composer composer >= 2.3, < 2.9.6 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-40176

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-40176

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Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-40176 (1)

Other References for CVE-2026-40176 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: composer
Same vendor: composer
Same weakness: CWE-20

V. Comments for CVE-2026-40176

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