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CVE-2026-40261— Composer has Command Injection via Malicious Perforce Reference

Quick assessment

Affected
composer composer
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Composer是Composer开源的一个应用软件。提供一个声明，管理和安装PHP项目的依赖项。 Composer 1.0至2.2.26版本和2.3至2.9.5版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于Perforce::syncCodeBase和Perforce::generateP4Command方法存在命令注入问题，可能导致命令执行。

CVSS 8.8 · High EPSS 1.91% · P79

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1190 · Exploit Public-Facing Application

Affected Version Matrix 2

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
composer composer >= 2.3.0, < 2.9.6 affected
>= 1.0.0, < 2.2.27 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-40261

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Composer has Command Injection via Malicious Perforce Reference
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Composer is a dependency manager for PHP. Versions 1.0 through 2.2.26 and 2.3 through 2.9.5 contain a command injection vulnerability in the Perforce::syncCodeBase() method, which appends the $sourceReference parameter to a shell command without proper escaping, and additionally in the Perforce::generateP4Command() method as in GHSA-wg36-wvj6-r67p / CVE-2026-40176, which interpolates user-supplied Perforce connection parameters (port, user, client) from the source url field without proper escaping. An attacker can inject arbitrary commands through crafted source reference or source url values containing shell metacharacters, even if Perforce is not installed. Unlike CVE-2026-40176, the source reference and url are provided as part of package metadata, meaning any compromised or malicious Composer repository can serve package metadata declaring perforce as a source type with malicious values. This vulnerability is exploitable when installing or updating dependencies from source, including the default behavior when installing dev-prefixed versions. This issue has been fixed in Composer 2.2.27 (2.2 LTS) and 2.9.6 (mainline). If developers are unable to immediately update, they can avoid installing dependencies from source by using --prefer-dist or the preferred-install: dist config setting, and only use trusted Composer repositories as a workaround.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
OS命令中使用的特殊元素转义处理不恰当(OS命令注入)
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Composer 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Composer是Composer开源的一个应用软件。提供一个声明，管理和安装PHP项目的依赖项。 Composer 1.0至2.2.26版本和2.3至2.9.5版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于Perforce::syncCodeBase和Perforce::generateP4Command方法存在命令注入问题，可能导致命令执行。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
composer composer >= 2.3.0, < 2.9.6 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-40261

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-40261

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Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-40261 (1)

Other References for CVE-2026-40261 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: composer
Same vendor: composer
Same weakness: CWE-78

V. Comments for CVE-2026-40261

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