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CVE-2026-40478— Improper neutralization of specific syntax patterns for unauthorized expressions in Thymeleaf

Quick assessment

Affected
thymeleaf thymeleaf
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

thymeleaf是Thymeleaf开源的一个Java模板引擎。 thymeleaf 3.1.3.RELEASE及之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于表达式执行机制存在安全绕过，未能正确中和特定语法模式，可能导致服务器端模板注入攻击。

CVSS 9.1 · Critical EPSS 0.86% · P56

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1190 · Exploit Public-Facing Application

Affected Version Matrix 3

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
thymeleaf org.thymeleaf:thymeleaf-spring5 < 3.1.4.RELEASE affected
thymeleaf org.thymeleaf:thymeleaf-spring6 < 3.1.4.RELEASE affected
thymeleaf thymeleaf < 3.1.4.RELEASE affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-40478

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Improper neutralization of specific syntax patterns for unauthorized expressions in Thymeleaf
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Thymeleaf is a server-side Java template engine for web and standalone environments. Versions 3.1.3.RELEASE and prior contain a security bypass vulnerability in the the expression execution mechanisms. Although the library provides mechanisms to prevent expression injection, it fails to properly neutralize specific syntax patterns that allow for the execution of unauthorized expressions. If an application developer passes unvalidated user input directly to the template engine, an unauthenticated remote attacker can bypass the library's protections to achieve Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI). This issue has ben fixed in version 3.1.4.RELEASE.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
表达式语言语句中使用的特殊元素转义处理不恰当(表达式语言注入)
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
thymeleaf 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
thymeleaf是Thymeleaf开源的一个Java模板引擎。 thymeleaf 3.1.3.RELEASE及之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于表达式执行机制存在安全绕过，未能正确中和特定语法模式，可能导致服务器端模板注入攻击。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

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Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
thymeleaf thymeleaf < 3.1.4.RELEASE -
thymeleaf org.thymeleaf:thymeleaf-spring5 < 3.1.4.RELEASE -
thymeleaf org.thymeleaf:thymeleaf-spring6 < 3.1.4.RELEASE -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-40478

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-40478

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IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: thymeleaf
Same vendor: thymeleaf
Same weakness: CWE-917

V. Comments for CVE-2026-40478

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