CVE-2026-44339— PraisonAI has unsafe tool resolution in `ToolExecutionMixin.execute_tool`: undeclared `__main__` callables execute
Quick assessment
Affected
MervinPraison PraisonAI
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.
PraisonAI是Mervin Praison个人开发者的一个低代码多智能体协作框架。 PraisonAI 4.6.37之前版本和PraisonAIagents 1.6.37之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于未声明的工具名称解析问题，可能导致攻击者调用未声明的应用程序可调用对象。
Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI
T1059 · Command and Scripting InterpreterAffected Version Matrix 2
| Vendor | Product | Version Range | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI | praisonaiagents < 1.6.37 |
affected |
praisonai < 4.6.37 |
affected |
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-44339
Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
PraisonAI has unsafe tool resolution in `ToolExecutionMixin.execute_tool`: undeclared `__main__` callables execute
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37, praisonaiagents resolves unresolved tool names against module globals and __main__ after it fails to match the declared tool list and the registry. With the default agent configuration, _perm_allow is None, so undeclared non-dangerous tool names are not rejected by the permission gate. An attacker who can influence tool-call names can therefore invoke unintended application callables that were never declared as tools. This issue has been patched in praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
使用外部可控制的输入来选择类或代码(不安全的反射)
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
PraisonAI 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
PraisonAI是Mervin Praison个人开发者的一个低代码多智能体协作框架。 PraisonAI 4.6.37之前版本和PraisonAIagents 1.6.37之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于未声明的工具名称解析问题，可能导致攻击者调用未声明的应用程序可调用对象。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Affected Products
| Vendor | Product | Affected Versions | CPE | Subscribe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI | praisonaiagents < 1.6.37 | - |
|
II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-44339
| # | POC Description | Source Link | Shenlong Link |
|---|
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Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-44339 (1)
Same Patch Batch · MervinPraison · 2026-05-08 · 9 CVEs total
| CVE-2026-41497 | 9.8 CRITICAL | Incomplete fix for CVE-2026-34935: Command Injection in MervinPraison/PraisonAI |
| CVE-2026-44334 | 8.4 HIGH | PraisonAI: Unauthenticated RCE via `tool_override.py` |
| CVE-2026-41496 | 8.1 HIGH | PraisonAI: SQL Injection via unvalidated `table_prefix` in 9 conversation store backends ( |
| CVE-2026-44338 | 7.3 HIGH | PraisonAI ships and generates a legacy API server with authentication disabled by default, |
| CVE-2026-44337 | 6.3 MEDIUM | PraisonAI knowledge-store backends interpolate unvalidated collection names into SQL and C |
| CVE-2026-44340 | PraisonAI: Symlink-extraction bypass of `_safe_extractall` writes outside `dest_dir` | |
| CVE-2026-44335 | SSRF bypass in PraisonAI | |
| CVE-2026-44336 | PraisonAI MCP `tools/call` path-traversal and RCE via Python `.pth` injection |
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