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CVE-2026-44978— xrdp: Unchecked FIPS padding length in standard RDP Security causes heap out-of-bounds read in HMAC verification

Quick assessment

Affected
neutrinolabs xrdp
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

neutrinolabs xrdp是neutrinolabs团队开源的一款开源远程桌面协议服务器。 neutrinolabs xrdp 0.10.6及之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于在FIPS特定接收路径中未能验证FIPS填充长度字段，导致指针下溢和后续负长度计算，从而造成堆越界读取，可能使未经验证的远程攻击者通过发送特制的FIPS保护PDU，导致进程崩溃和拒绝服务。

CVSS 5.3 · Medium EPSS 0.53% · P43

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1190 · Exploit Public-Facing Application

Affected Version Matrix 1

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
neutrinolabs xrdp < 0.10.6.1 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-44978

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
xrdp: Unchecked FIPS padding length in standard RDP Security causes heap out-of-bounds read in HMAC verification
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a heap out-of-bounds read vulnerability within the FIPS-specific receive paths. This vulnerability does not affect the default configuration of xrdp. The vulnerability is only exploitable when the security layer is set to security_layer=negotiate or security_layer=rdp, and the crypto level is changed to crypt_level=fips in xrdp.ini. In this specific non-default mode, the server fails to validate the FIPS padding length field, leading to a pointer underflow and a subsequent negative length calculation. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted FIPS-protected PDU, causing a heap out-of-bounds read that results in a process crash and denial of service (DoS). However, since xrdp forks a new process for each connection by default, an out-of-bounds read causing a process crash is unlikely to bring down the entire xrdp service. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
输入验证不恰当
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
neutrinolabs xrdp 缓冲区错误漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
neutrinolabs xrdp是neutrinolabs团队开源的一款开源远程桌面协议服务器。 neutrinolabs xrdp 0.10.6及之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于在FIPS特定接收路径中未能验证FIPS填充长度字段，导致指针下溢和后续负长度计算，从而造成堆越界读取，可能使未经验证的远程攻击者通过发送特制的FIPS保护PDU，导致进程崩溃和拒绝服务。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
neutrinolabs xrdp < 0.10.6.1 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-44978

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-44978

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Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-44978 (1)

Vendor Pages for CVE-2026-44978 (1)

Same Patch Batch · neutrinolabs · 2026-07-20 · 10 CVEs total

CVE-2026-41252 9.8 CRITICAL xrdp: lib_palette_update Heap Buffer Overflow & RCE
CVE-2026-44178 8.8 HIGH xrdp: Channel Data Forwarding Fixed-Size Buffer Overflow
CVE-2026-41521 8.2 HIGH xrdp: lib_framebuffer_update Has Integer Overflow Heap Info Leak & ASLR Bypass
CVE-2026-55626 8.0 HIGH xrdp: No authentication required with Xvnc backend on RHEL 9
CVE-2026-54538 7.5 HIGH xrdp: Pre-auth infinite loop via totalLength=0 in TS_SHARECONTROLHEADER
CVE-2026-55645 6.5 MEDIUM xrdp: Out-of-bounds read in Client Control PDU processing (xrdp_rdp_process_data_control)
CVE-2026-42218 5.3 MEDIUM XRDP is vulnerable to a server timing attack, leading to user enumeration
CVE-2026-55238 5.3 MEDIUM xrdp: Malformed Confirm Active capability sets cause out-of-bounds reads
CVE-2026-55639 5.3 MEDIUM xrdp: Out-of-bounds read in GCC Conference Create Request CS_SECURITY processing (xrdp_sec

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: xrdp
Same vendor: neutrinolabs
Same weakness: CWE-20

V. Comments for CVE-2026-44978

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