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CVE-2026-54451— Elixir protobuf: Unbounded recursion depth in embedded-message decoding

Quick assessment

Affected
elixir-protobuf protobuf
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

以下是对该漏洞描述的中文翻译： Elixir protobuf 是 Google Protobuf 的纯 Elixir 实现。在 0.8.0 至 0.16.1 版本中，如果服务使用 解码由攻击者控制的 protobuf 字节流，且 schema 中包含自引用或循环消息类型时，服务可能会陷入离线状态（即服务不可用）。在 中， 在处理 字段时，会递归进入 的调用链，但没有限制嵌套深度。深层嵌套的嵌入字段会保留大量的非尾部递归栈帧，使得相对较小的请求也能消耗大量 CPU 和内存，从而占满 BEAM 调度器，最终耗尽节点资

CVSS 8.2 · High

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1499 · Endpoint Denial of Service

Affected Version Matrix 1

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
elixir-protobuf protobuf >= 0.8.0, < 0.16.1 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-54451

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Elixir protobuf: Unbounded recursion depth in embedded-message decoding
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Elixir protobuf is a pure Elixir implementation of Google Protobuf. From 0.8.0 until 0.16.1, services that decode attacker-controlled protobuf bytes with Protobuf.Decoder can be taken offline when the schema contains a self-referential or cyclic message type. In lib/protobuf/decoder.ex, Protobuf.Decoder.value_for_field/3 handles an embedded?: true field by recursively entering the decode / build_message / handle_value / value_for_field call chain without enforcing a nesting-depth limit. Deeply nested embedded fields retain non-tail recursive frames, allowing a comparatively small request to consume substantial CPU and memory, pin a BEAM scheduler, and exhaust the node. This issue is fixed in version 0.16.1.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
未经控制的递归
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
elixir-protobuf protobuf >= 0.8.0, < 0.16.1 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-54451

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-54451

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Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-54451 (1)

Vendor Pages for CVE-2026-54451 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: protobuf
Same weakness: CWE-674

V. Comments for CVE-2026-54451

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