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CVE-2026-54496— Missing copy constraint in halo2_gadgets variable-base scalar multiplication allows under-constrained base, breaking Orchard Action circuit soundness

Quick assessment

Affected
ZcashFoundation zebra
Exploitation
Public or AI PoC available; prioritize validation
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

ZcashFoundation zebra是ZcashFoundation的区块链节点实现。 Zcash Foundation Zebra存在输入验证错误漏洞，该漏洞源于可变基数标量乘法工具中对基点使用assign_advice()而未添加复制约束，导致恶意证明者可生成具有欠约束基点的有效证明，从而绕过针对绑定pk_d、g_d、ivk、nullifier（nf）和spend validating key（ak）的多样化地址完整性检查。

CVSS 9.3 · Critical EPSS 0.32% · P22

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1608 · Stage Capabilities

Affected Version Matrix 5

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
zcash halo2_gadgets < 0.5.0 affected
zcash librustzcash < 0.28.0 affected
zcash orchard < 0.14.0 affected
zcash zcash < 6.20.0 affected
ZcashFoundation zebra < 5.0.0 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-54496

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Missing copy constraint in halo2_gadgets variable-base scalar multiplication allows under-constrained base, breaking Orchard Action circuit soundness
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to zebrad 5.0.0, halo2_gadgets 0.5.0, orchard 0.14.0, zcash_primitives 0.28.0, and zcashd 6.20.0, the variable-base scalar multiplication gadget in halo2_gadgets/src/ecc/chip/mul/incomplete.rs used assign_advice() for the base point without a copy constraint tying it to the actual base, allowing a malicious prover to produce a valid proof for an Orchard Action with an under-constrained base point and bypass the diversified-address-integrity check that binds pk_d, g_d, ivk, the nullifier (nf), and the spend validating key (ak) to the note being spent. This issue is fixed in zebrad 5.0.0, halo2_gadgets 0.5.0, orchard 0.14.0, zcash_primitives 0.28.0, and zcashd 6.20.0.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
对数据真实性的验证不充分
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Zcash Foundation Zebra 输入验证错误漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
ZcashFoundation zebra是ZcashFoundation的区块链节点实现。 Zcash Foundation Zebra存在输入验证错误漏洞，该漏洞源于可变基数标量乘法工具中对基点使用assign_advice()而未添加复制约束，导致恶意证明者可生成具有欠约束基点的有效证明，从而绕过针对绑定pk_d、g_d、ivk、nullifier（nf）和spend validating key（ak）的多样化地址完整性检查。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
ZcashFoundation zebra < 5.0.0 -
zcash halo2_gadgets < 0.5.0 -
zcash orchard < 0.14.0 -
zcash librustzcash < 0.28.0 -
zcash zcash < 6.20.0 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-54496

# POC Description Source Link Shenlong Link
AI-Generated POC Premium
Qwen3.6-35B-A3B · 8578 chars
Pro+ exclusive includes:
Vulnerability reproduction recording (real sandbox build + trigger, exclusive)
In-depth vulnerability mechanism
Trigger conditions & impact
Full executable POC code
Exploit chain & mitigation
POC zip download
100+ AI POC generations per month

III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-54496

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2026-54496 (2)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-54496 (2)

Vendor Pages for CVE-2026-54496 (2)

Other References for CVE-2026-54496 (1)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: zebra
Same vendor: ZcashFoundation
Same weakness: CWE-345

V. Comments for CVE-2026-54496

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