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CVE-2026-81636— Query-complexity limit bypass via first/last pagination arguments in AshGraphql enables denial of service

Quick assessment

Affected
ash-project ash_graphql
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

“资源分配缺乏限制或节流”漏洞（CWE-770）存在于 ash-project 的 组件中，允许未认证的攻击者绕过已配置的 GraphQL 查询复杂度限制，强制数据库执行无限制的读取操作。 漏洞详情： 中的 函数仅在参数映射中包含 （即偏移量分页）时，才将子查询的复杂度乘以请求的分页大小。然而，Relay 连接和密钥集分页（keyset pagination）使用的是 和 参数，这些参数不会匹配上述 的判断条件，因此会落入通用的默认处理逻辑，仅返回 。 因此，像 这样的嵌套 Relay 查询会被评估为“极简”复杂度

CVSS 8.7 · High

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1499 · Endpoint Denial of Service

Affected Version Matrix 2

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
ash-project ash_graphql 0.16.23< 1.11.0 affected
d8a3e1b15587180ad9cb3ceeb398863d086c163b< c3229f6a65cbabb32fd7ffcac881922d1b3b30ad affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-81636

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Query-complexity limit bypass via first/last pagination arguments in AshGraphql enables denial of service
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_graphql allows an unauthenticated client to bypass the configured GraphQL query-complexity limit and force an unbounded database read. AshGraphql.Graphql.Resolver.query_complexity/3 multiplies child complexity by the requested page size only when the argument map contains :limit (offset pagination). Relay connections and keyset pagination use first and last, which never match that clause and fall through to the catch-all that returns child_complexity + 1. A nested relay query such as posts(first: 500) { edges { node { comments(first: 500) { ... } } } } therefore scores as trivially cheap while materializing the full fan-out, passing an Absinthe max_complexity cap that rejects the equivalent limit-based query. The fix adds first and last clauses clamped to the action's page size. This issue affects ash_graphql: from 0.16.23 before 1.11.0.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
不加限制或调节的资源分配
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
ash-project ash_graphql 0.16.23 ~ 1.11.0 cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_graphql:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
ash-project ash_graphql d8a3e1b15587180ad9cb3ceeb398863d086c163b ~ c3229f6a65cbabb32fd7ffcac881922d1b3b30ad cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_graphql:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-81636

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-81636

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Other References for CVE-2026-81636 (4)

Same Patch Batch · ash-project · 2026-08-30 · 20 CVEs total

CVE-2026-78699 7.2 HIGH rename_tenant returns :ok on a failed rename, enabling cross-tenant access in AshPostgres
CVE-2026-80223 7.1 HIGH Cross-tenant subscription disclosure in AshGraphql authorizes notifications in memory with
CVE-2026-78693 6.9 MEDIUM Incomplete redaction re-attaches the original error path in AshGraphql, leaking internal f
CVE-2026-81633 6.9 MEDIUM Unhandled KeyError in AshGraphql relay node resolution crashes queries via an unknown type
CVE-2026-77454 5.9 MEDIUM exists/2 predicate silently dropped on limited relationships with a parent() filter in Ash
CVE-2026-81319 5.9 MEDIUM Unsafe deserialization of decrypted terms enables node DoS in AshCloak
CVE-2026-75847 5.9 MEDIUM Sensitive attribute values stored in a non-sensitive public changes map in AshPaperTrail
CVE-2026-78228 5.9 MEDIUM Unbounded handle_error recursion enables denial of service in AshOban triggers
CVE-2026-78038 5.9 MEDIUM Job argument injection via :args overrides primary_key and tenant in AshOban
CVE-2026-77970 5.9 MEDIUM Sensitive fields nested in embedded values are not redacted in AshPaperTrail versions
CVE-2026-82367 2.3 LOW Re-entrant synchronous publish in AshGraphql subscription batcher delivers one subscriber'
CVE-2026-81643 2.3 LOW Broken access control in AshGraphql subscription batcher applies authorization suppression
CVE-2026-80227 2.1 LOW SQL string_trim removes only spaces, diverging from in-memory trimming in AshSql
CVE-2026-78691 2.1 LOW Unescaped backslash allows LIKE wildcard injection in AshSql string search
CVE-2026-81316 2.1 LOW Same-named aggregates with differing filters are conflated in AshSql
CVE-2026-81318 2.1 LOW Distinct-query aggregate drops the tenant schema prefix, leaking across tenants in AshSql
CVE-2026-81322 2.1 LOW Cloaked plaintext leaks through a non-sensitive action argument in AshCloak
CVE-2026-77846 2.1 LOW JSON path injection via unescaped get_path segments in AshSqlite
CVE-2026-77831 2.1 LOW Algorithmic-complexity denial of service in AshPaperTrail full-diff list tracking

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: ash_graphql
Same vendor: ash-project
Same weakness: CWE-770

V. Comments for CVE-2026-81636

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