CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5199

5199 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.

Common Consequences (4)

Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands

The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.

Integrity Modify Files or Directories

The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …

Confidentiality Read Files or Directories

The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…

Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.

Mitigations (5)

Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…

Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…

Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Effectiveness: Moderate

Examples (2)

The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.

my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";

Bad · Perl

../../../etc/passwd

Attack

In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.

String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);

Bad · Java

CVE ID	Title	CVSS	Severity	Published
CVE-2023-31131	Arbitrary File Write when Extracting Tarballs in greenplum-db — gpdb	7.4	High	2023-05-15
CVE-2023-32309	Arbitrary file inclusion with the pymdowm-snippets extension — pymdown-extensions	7.5	High	2023-05-15
CVE-2023-31166	Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory — SEL-3505	4.1	Medium	2023-05-10
CVE-2023-26126	m.static 路径遍历漏洞 — m.static	7.5	High	2023-05-10
CVE-2023-29128	Siemens SIMATIC Cloud Connect 路径遍历漏洞 — SIMATIC Cloud Connect 7 CC712	3.8	Low	2023-05-09
CVE-2023-29104	Siemens SIMATIC Cloud Connect 路径遍历漏洞 — SIMATIC Cloud Connect 7 CC712	6.0	Medium	2023-05-09
CVE-2023-27409	Siemens SCALANCE 路径遍历漏洞 — SCALANCE LPE9403	2.5	Low	2023-05-09
CVE-2023-28127	Ivanti Avalanche 路径遍历漏洞 — Avalanche	7.5	-	2023-05-09
CVE-2023-30855	Pimcore Path Traversal Vulnerability in AdminBundle/Controller/Reports/CustomReportController.php — pimcore	6.5	Medium	2023-05-08
CVE-2023-31181	WJJ Software - InnoKB Server, InnoKB/Console 2.2.1 - CWE-22: Path Traversal — InnoKB Server, InnoKB/Console	7.5	High	2023-05-08
CVE-2023-31179	AgilePoint NX v8.0 SU2.2 & SU2.3 - Path traversal — NX	6.5	Medium	2023-05-08
CVE-2017-20184	Carlo Gavazzi Powersoft prone to Path Traversal — Powersoft	7.5	High	2023-05-04
CVE-2023-28406	BIG-IP Configuration utility vulnerability — BIG-IP	4.3	Medium	2023-05-03
CVE-2015-10105	IP Blacklist Cloud Plugin CSV File Import ip_blacklist_cloud.php valid_js_identifier path traversal — IP Blacklist Cloud Plugin	6.3	Medium	2023-05-01
CVE-2023-30852	Pimcore Arbitrary File Read in Admin JS CSS files — pimcore	4.4	Medium	2023-04-27
CVE-2023-24836	SUNNET CTMS - Path Traversal — CTMS	8.8	High	2023-04-27
CVE-2023-22901	ChangingTec MOTP - Path Traversal — MOTP	4.9	Medium	2023-04-27
CVE-2023-2336	Path Traversal in pimcore/pimcore — pimcore/pimcore	6.5	-	2023-04-27
CVE-2023-2273	Rapid7 Insight Agent Directory Traversal — Insight Agent	5.8	Medium	2023-04-26
CVE-2023-25815	Git looks for localized messages in the wrong place — git	3.3	Low	2023-04-25
CVE-2023-25652	"git apply --reject" partially-controlled arbitrary file write — git	7.5	High	2023-04-25
CVE-2023-29200	contao/core-bundle has path traversal vulnerability in the file manager — contao	4.3	Medium	2023-04-25
CVE-2023-30626	Jellyfin vulnerable to directory traversal and file write causing arbitrary code execution — jellyfin	8.8	High	2023-04-24
CVE-2023-22914	Zyxel USG FLEX 路径遍历漏洞 — USG FLEX series firmware	7.2	High	2023-04-24
CVE-2023-25508	NVIDIA DGX-1 路径遍历漏洞 — NVIDIA DGX servers	6.7	Medium	2023-04-22
CVE-2023-30620	Arbitrary File Write when Extracting a Remotely retrieved Tarball in mindsdb/mindsdb — mindsdb	7.5	High	2023-04-21
CVE-2023-30548	Path traversal vulnerability in gatsby-plugin-sharp — gatsby	4.3	Medium	2023-04-17
CVE-2023-29004	Path Traversal Vulnerability in hap-wi/roxy-wi — roxy-wi	6.5	Medium	2023-04-17
CVE-2023-1109	PHOENIX CONTACT: Directory Traversal Vulnerability in ENERGY AXC PU Web service — ENERGY AXC PU (1264327)	8.8	High	2023-04-17
CVE-2022-47501	Apache OFBiz: Arbitrary file reading vulnerability — Apache OFBiz	7.5	-	2023-04-14

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5199 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.