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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5191

5191 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
Integrity Modify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
Confidentiality Read Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-81453 Dell OpenManage 11.1.0.3前版本路径遍历 — OpenManage Server Administrator Managed Node (Patch) for Windows 6.5 Medium 2026-09-17
CVE-2026-81829 Smallrye-jwt: quarkus-smallrye-jwt: smallrye-jwt: unauthenticated same-origin ssrf via unsanitized jwt kid header in awsalbkeyresolver — Red Hat build of Quarkus 3.27.5.SP2 5.3 Medium 2026-09-17
CVE-2026-92945 vm2 before 3.11.7 Module Allowlist Bypass via Prefix Matching — vm2 4.2 Medium 2026-09-17
CVE-2026-92970 HUBzero CMS through 2.2.32 Path Traversal via File Upload — hubzero-cms 8.8 High 2026-09-17
CVE-2026-92919 admin3 through 3.0.0 Arbitrary File Write via Path Traversal in Storage Upload Filename — admin3 8.1 High 2026-09-17
CVE-2026-81481 Dell OpenManage 11.1.0.3前路径遍历漏洞 — OpenManage Server Administrator Managed Node (Patch) for Windows 7.5 High 2026-09-17
CVE-2026-92816 ComfyUI before 0.30.0 Path Traversal via dataset save nodes — ComfyUI 7.8 High 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-92812 Decap CMS < 3.11.0 Path Traversal via Sibling Directory Prefix Matching — decap-cms 9.8 Critical 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-92791 Uber Kraken through 0.1.29 Path Traversal via tag parameter — kraken 7.5 High 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-92748 BC Security Empire before 6.7.1 Path Traversal File Upload RCE — Empire 8.8 High 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-76431 Cisco Identity Services Engine Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability — Cisco Identity Services Engine Software 4.9 Medium 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-76432 Cisco Identity Services Engine Arbitrary File Write Vulnerability — Cisco Identity Services Engine Software 4.9 Medium 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-76434 Cisco Identity Services Engine Arbitrary File Read Vulnerability — Cisco Identity Services Engine Software 4.9 Medium 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-76433 Cisco Identity Services Engine Information Disclosure Vulnerability — Cisco Identity Services Engine Software 5.3 Medium 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-76409 Cisco Nexus Dashboard Software Security Hardening Release September 2026 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname — Cisco Nexus Dashboard 8.8 High 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-89084 HP Advance – Potential Elevation of Privilege, Remote Code Execution & Arbitrary File Write — HP AC Print & Scan 8.8 High 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-87976 Apache NiFi Registry: Improper Limitation of Pathname in Persisted Extension Bundles — Apache NiFi Registry 7.2 High 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-63225 Redocly CLI: Path traversal when using `split` command — redocly-cli 4.4 Medium 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-86071 Junrar: LocalFolderExtractor mkdir escape allows directory creation outside extraction root — junrar 3.7 Low 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-92604 Scirius through 3.8.0 Arbitrary File Write via PCAP Upload — scirius 8.1 High 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-85731 oras-go: Arbitrary file write outside file.Store root via symlink-chain bypass in tar extraction (pushDir) — oras-go 8.8 High 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-59974 Stanza: Zip Slip Path Traversal in Model/Resource Extraction — stanza 7.8 High 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-59944 Composer: CVE-2026-59946 fix bypass via symlinked package bin path — composer 6.1 Medium 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-92355 Octopus Server路径遍历致远程代码执行漏洞 — Octopus Server 8.7 High 2026-09-16
CVE-2026-61560 @zereight/mcp-gitlab's unauthenticated arbitrary file read via `upload_markdown` enables PAT exfiltration and full account takeover — gitlab-mcp 9.8 Critical 2026-09-15
CVE-2026-89040 Tencent Mass Service Engine in Cluster (MSEC) path traversal — Mass Service Engine in Cluster (MSEC) 9.8 Critical 2026-09-15
CVE-2026-69201 Http4s: ResourceService and Webjar Service path escape via percent-encoded separators — http4s 5.9 Medium 2026-09-15
CVE-2026-81568 Joomla Extension - j2commerce.com - Arbitrary file read via `task=download` in J2Store 1.0.0-3.3.2, 4.0.0-4.0.22, 4.1.0-4.1.7 — J2Store extension for Joomla 8.7 High 2026-09-15
CVE-2026-57442 MCPVault: PathFilter restricted directories (.git/.obsidian/node_modules) only denied at vault root, not nested — mcpvault 6.9 Medium 2026-09-15
CVE-2026-48785 Apptainer: Incorrect path matching for 'limit container paths' directive — apptainer 4.8 Medium 2026-09-15

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5191 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.