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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5195

5195 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
Integrity Modify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
Confidentiality Read Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-69807 PowerShell Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 8.0 High 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-69445 Windows Compressed Folder Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 7.8 High 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-81377 Visual Studio Code Tampering Vulnerability — Visual Studio Code 6.5 Medium 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-78461 Visual Studio Code Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability — Visual Studio Code 7.4 High 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-62801 Microsoft PowerShell Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability — Windows 10 Version 1607 6.5 Medium 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-74239 XenForo < 2.3.13 Path Traversal via Style Archive Importer on Windows — XenForo 7.2 High 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-74859 Gnome-tweaks: path traversal in theme installer — Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 6.8 Medium 2026-09-08
CVE-2026-86542 knowns before 0.30.0 Path Traversal via Import Name — knowns 9.1 Critical 2026-09-07
CVE-2026-86541 knowns before 0.30.0 Path Traversal via code.replace MCP action — knowns 8.3 High 2026-09-07
CVE-2026-86439 knowns before 0.30.0 Path Traversal via MCP doc and memory tools — knowns 8.8 High 2026-09-07
CVE-2026-86538 knowns before 0.30.0 Path Traversal via templateFile parameter — knowns 7.5 High 2026-09-07
CVE-2026-6377 Path Traversal in Next4Biz's CSM (Customer Service Management) — CSM (Customer Service Management) 7.5 High 2026-09-07
CVE-2026-80131 Dell Secure Connect Gateway 路径遍历漏洞 — Secure Connect Gateway 5.0 - Application 7.4 High 2026-09-07
CVE-2026-80129 Dell Secure Connect Gateway 路径遍历漏洞 — Secure Connect Gateway 5.0 - Application 6.5 Medium 2026-09-07
CVE-2026-78043 OpenVPN 路径遍历漏洞 — OpenVPN 5.6 Medium 2026-09-07
CVE-2026-86258 nbviewer through 1.0.1 Path Traversal via LocalFileHandler — nbviewer 5.9 Medium 2026-09-06
CVE-2026-86253 h3 before 1.15.6 Path Traversal via Percent-Encoded Dot Segments — h3 5.9 Medium 2026-09-06
CVE-2026-86251 h3 before 1.15.9 Path Traversal via Double Decoding — h3 5.9 Medium 2026-09-06
CVE-2026-14975 WP File Download <= 6.3.8 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Read via Path Traversal in 'remoteurl' Parameter — WP File Download 6.5 Medium 2026-09-05
CVE-2026-81939 SonicWALL Network Security Manager 路径遍历漏洞 — Network Security Manager (NSM) - - 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-53757 Emlog: Zip Slip Path Traversal in Plugin/Template ZIP Upload Enables RCE — emlog 6.9 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-14470 Langflow OSS is affected by arbitrary file read due to path traversal vulnerabilities in file and knowledge base components — Langflow OSS 6.5 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-17621 Langflow OSS is affected by arbitrary file read due to path traversal vulnerabilities in file and knowledge base components — Langflow OSS 5.4 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-17622 Langflow OSS is affected by arbitrary file read due to path traversal vulnerabilities in file and knowledge base components — Langflow OSS 6.5 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-19303 Langflow is vulnerable to arbitrary file write and arbitrary file deletion due to unvalidated paths in file-processing components — Langflow OSS 8.1 High 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-19299 Langflow is vulnerable to arbitrary local file read due to path traversal in ChatInput, bundle FileInput, and GitExtractor components — Langflow OSS 6.5 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-19302 Langflow is vulnerable to arbitrary local file read due to path traversal in ChatInput, bundle FileInput, and GitExtractor components — Langflow OSS 6.5 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-19306 Langflow is vulnerable to arbitrary local file read due to path traversal in ChatInput, bundle FileInput, and GitExtractor components — Langflow OSS 7.7 High 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-85690 Plandex 2.2.1 Path Traversal via ApplyFiles — plandex 7.8 High 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-85685 AgentScope through 2.0.7.post1 Arbitrary Directory Copy via add_skill — agentscope 7.5 High 2026-09-04

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5195 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.