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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5199

5199 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
Integrity Modify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
Confidentiality Read Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-56718 AJCloud AJY IPC Firmware Path Traversal via jdbhttpd — AJY IPC Firmware 7.5 High 2026-08-30
CVE-2026-82656 Admidio before 5.0.12 Path Traversal via Photo ZIP Download — admidio 2.6 Low 2026-08-30
CVE-2026-82635 Pake arbitrary file write via unsanitized download_file filename — Pake 8.8 High 2026-08-30
CVE-2026-82460 Cloud Commander before 19.20.2 Directory Traversal via REST and Markdown — cloudcmd 9.8 Critical 2026-08-29
CVE-2026-18899 Langflow is affected by multiple authentication bypass, path traversal, authorization, and server-side request forgery vulnerabilities — Langflow OSS 7.5 High 2026-08-28
CVE-2026-55552 Yamcs: Unauthenticated Directory Traversal — yamcs 7.5 High 2026-08-28
CVE-2026-55569 aqua: Archive extraction in aqua follows attacker-planted symlinks, allowing writes outside the install directory — aqua 6.6 Medium 2026-08-28
CVE-2026-82286 gpt-crawler Arbitrary File Write via outputFileName Parameter — gpt-crawler 8.6 High 2026-08-28
CVE-2026-82275 Qwen-Agent Arbitrary File Read via Caller-Supplied Document Path — Qwen-Agent 7.5 High 2026-08-28
CVE-2026-82264 Duplicacy Path Traversal during Restore via Unsanitized Snapshot Paths — duplicacy 6.8 Medium 2026-08-28
CVE-2026-82112 houtini-ai houtini-lm code_task_files index.ts path traversal — houtini-lm 3.5 Low 2026-08-28
CVE-2026-82111 iswalle getnote-mcp upload_image index.ts fs.readFileSync path traversal — getnote-mcp 4.3 Medium 2026-08-28
CVE-2026-82253 gitoxide before 0.82.0 Path Traversal via Submodule Name Validation Bypass — gitoxide 7.5 High 2026-08-28
CVE-2026-82251 gitoxide before 0.52.1 Path Traversal via Submodule Name — gitoxide 7.5 High 2026-08-28
CVE-2026-82233 SiYuan before v3.8.1 Path Traversal via asset.upload — siyuan 5.7 Medium 2026-08-28
CVE-2026-61800 Wazuh cluster worker file sync allows arbitrary file write under /var/ossec (incomplete fix for CVE-2026-30893) — wazuh 9.1 Critical 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-54083 Wazuh: Path traversal in ip-customblock active response allows arbitrary file creation and deletion — wazuh 8.1 High 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-81847 MAA-AI MaaMCP pipeline_tools.py load_pipeline path traversal — MaaMCP 5.5 Medium 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-81845 arben-adm mcp-sequential-thinking Import Session/Export Session server.py export_session path traversal — mcp-sequential-thinking 6.3 Medium 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-81837 RooCodeInc Roo-Code ApplyPatchTool ApplyPatchTool.ts path.resolve path traversal — Roo-Code 6.3 Medium 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-81730 Dolibarr 9.0.0 through 23.0.4 Path Traversal via EmailCollector Attachment Filename — dolibarr 8.2 High 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-76639 Unitree G1 EDU 1.5.2 Unauthenticated RCE via DDS Bridge and Path Traversal — G1 EDU 8.8 High 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-54732 libreoffice-convert: path traversal / arbitrary file write — libreoffice-convert 6.5 Medium 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-54687 n8n-nodes-sqlite3: Path traversal via user-controlled database file path (db_path parameter) — n8n-node-sqlite3 6.1 Medium 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-81716 openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Plugin Sandbox Path Traversal — openssl_encrypt 5.2 Medium 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-79653 Eclipse SW360 路径遍历漏洞 — Eclipse SW360 6.0 Medium 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-40526 Volmarg Personal Management System Path Traversal via get-file Endpoint — personal-management-system 6.5 Medium 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-81743 Flowintel Arbitrary Log File Path Allows Remote Code Execution via Template Injection — flowintel 7.5 High 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-81560 blackms aistack Static File server.ts path traversal — aistack 5.3 Medium 2026-08-27
CVE-2026-81659 Flowintel Note PDF Export Allows Arbitrary Local File Read via Pandoc/XeLaTeX Processing — flowintel 7.1 High 2026-08-27

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5199 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.