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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5195

5195 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
Integrity Modify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
Confidentiality Read Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-85665 Bruno through 4.1.0 Arbitrary File Read via Unconfined Body File Path — bruno 6.5 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-85661 excel-mcp-server 0.1.8 Arbitrary File Read/Write via stdio mode — excel-mcp-server 9.8 Critical 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-85618 ConvertX 0.17.0 Arbitrary File Read via LaTeX Input Directives — ConvertX 6.5 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-85606 firecrawl-mcp-server 3.20.2 Arbitrary Local File Read via filePath — firecrawl-mcp-server 7.5 High 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-9138 Langflow is vulnerable to arbitrary file write and arbitrary file deletion due to unvalidated paths in file-processing components — Langflow OSS 6.5 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-74236 GFI Exinda AI / ClearView < 7.6.5 Path Traversal via Diagnostic File Deletion Handler — GFI Exinda AI 6.5 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-74235 GFI Exinda AI / ClearView < 7.6.5 Path Traversal via Configuration Download Handler — GFI Exinda AI 4.9 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-85580 SiYuan before v3.8.2 Path Guard Bypass via Case Mismatch — siyuan 6.5 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-79707 Arbitrary File Read in Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) — Agent Development Kit (ADK) 8.7 High 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-85409 Eleveo Quality Management Questionnaire Service QuestionnaireService.runDataExportNow path traversal — Quality Management 6.3 Medium 2026-09-04
CVE-2026-67397 WebPros Plesk 路径遍历漏洞 — Plesk 8.5 High 2026-09-03
CVE-2026-85456 MOOS-IvP through 24.8.1 alog Splitting Path Traversal on Windows — moos-ivp 5.5 Medium 2026-09-03
CVE-2026-82521 parsedmarc 9.0.6 < 11.0.1 Path Traversal via Forensic Report Subject — parsedmarc 5.3 Medium 2026-09-03
CVE-2026-85396 rubyzip before 3.4.0 Path Traversal in Zip::Entry#extract via Sibling-Directory Prefix — rubyzip 7.5 High 2026-09-03
CVE-2026-75602 OpenList: Authenticated arbitrary file write via Content-Disposition path traversal in SimpleHttp offline-download tool — OpenList 6.5 Medium 2026-09-03
CVE-2026-85199 Eclipse aeriOS Federator 路径遍历漏洞 — Eclipse aeriOS 8.8 High 2026-09-03
CVE-2026-85124 @fastify/http-proxy vulnerable to prefix escape via backslash dot-segments — @fastify/http-proxy 7.5 High 2026-09-03
CVE-2026-84852 Reader Tools PDF Reader App File ActSplashNew.handleDeeplink path traversal — PDF Reader App 4.4 Medium 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-49833 DSpace: Path Traversal possible in LDN message generation — DSpace 5.5 Medium 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-49831 DSpace: Curation Task Reporter output path is not restricted to trusted directories (Path Traversal Vulnerability) — DSpace 5.5 Medium 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-52832 Nuclio: Unauthenticated path traversal in spec.handler allows arbitrary file write in Dashboard container — nuclio 4.9 Medium 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-78591 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') in Kibana Leading to Unauthorized Resource Deletion — Kibana 6.3 Medium 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-78590 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory in Kibana Leading to Unauthorized Deletion of Privileged Resources — Kibana 7.3 High 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-78599 Stored Path Traversal in Kibana Leading to Unauthorized Deletion of Internal Resources — Kibana 6.5 Medium 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-78602 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory in Elastic Maps Server Leading to Unauthorized File Disclosure — Elastic Maps Server 5.3 Medium 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-18672 RadImageEditor ClientState Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read Vulnerability in Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX — Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX 7.5 High 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-78657 SigmaForms Pro <= 1.4.11 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion via Path Traversal in File Upload Field — SigmaForms Pro – AI Generated Forms 9.8 Critical 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-84442 MapQuest Get Directions App com.mapquest.android.ace ExpoShareIntentModule.kt getDataColumn path traversal — Get Directions App 4.4 Medium 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-14982 WP File Download <= 6.3.4 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Deletion via 'remoteurl' Parameter — WP File Download 8.1 High 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-84441 Piwigo Image Derivative i.php path traversal — Piwigo 7.3 High 2026-09-02

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5195 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.