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CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) — Vulnerability Class 5195

5195 vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)). AI Chinese analysis included.

CWE-22 represents a critical input validation weakness where software fails to properly sanitize external input before constructing file paths. Attackers typically exploit this vulnerability by injecting directory traversal sequences, such as “../”, into user-supplied parameters. These malicious inputs allow the application to resolve file references outside the intended restricted directory, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive system files, configuration data, or source code. To mitigate this risk, developers must implement rigorous input validation techniques, ensuring that all path components are strictly checked against allowed characters and structures. Additionally, employing canonicalization to resolve symbolic links and relative paths before validation, combined with strict chroot jails or sandboxing, effectively confines file operations to designated directories, thereby neutralizing the potential for path traversal attacks and preserving system integrity.

MITRE CWE Description
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Common Consequences (4)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
The attacker may be able to create or overwrite critical files that are used to execute code, such as programs or libraries.
Integrity Modify Files or Directories
The attacker may be able to overwrite or create critical files, such as programs, libraries, or important data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, appending a new account at the end of a password file may allow …
Confidentiality Read Files or Directories
The attacker may be able read the contents of unexpected files and expose sensitive data. If the targeted file is used for a security mechanism, then the attacker may be able to bypass that mechanism. For example, by reading a password file, the attacker could conduct brute force password guessing a…
Availability DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart
The attacker may be able to overwrite, delete, or corrupt unexpected critical files such as programs, libraries, or important data. This may prevent the product from working at all and in the case of protection mechanisms such as authentication, it has the potential to lock out product users.
Mitigations (5)
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Architecture and Design For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath(…
Architecture and Design Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Operation Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Examples (2)
The following code could be for a social networking application in which each user's profile information is stored in a separate file. All files are stored in a single directory.
my $dataPath = "/users/cwe/profiles"; my $username = param("user"); my $profilePath = $dataPath . "/" . $username; open(my $fh, "<", $profilePath) || ExitError("profile read error: $profilePath"); print "<ul>\n"; while (<$fh>) { print "<li>$_</li>\n"; } print "</ul>\n";
Bad · Perl
../../../etc/passwd
Attack
In the example below, the path to a dictionary file is read from a system property and used to initialize a File object.
String filename = System.getProperty("com.domain.application.dictionaryFile"); File dictionaryFile = new File(filename);
Bad · Java
CVE ID Title CVSS Severity Published
CVE-2026-84431 AirAsia MOVE App com.airasia.mobile com.airasia.core.utils.RealPathUtil.getRealPath path traversal — MOVE App 4.4 Medium 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-84702 facefusion before 3.7.0 Path Traversal via Job Identifier — facefusion 7.5 High 2026-09-02
CVE-2026-84374 Laravel Excel writes exports outside the configured filesystem disk when given a caller-controlled path — Laravel-Excel 7.5 High 2026-09-01
CVE-2026-84373 Vitest: Path Traversal / Arbitrary File Read via @vitest/mocker Redirect Mock — vitest 5.9 Medium 2026-09-01
CVE-2026-75604 Next.js: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution on windows-hosted servers — next.js 9.0 Critical 2026-09-01
CVE-2026-84365 Hono: Incomplete fix for CVE-2026-39408: `toSSG()` still writes files outside the output directory — hono 6.5 Medium 2026-09-01
CVE-2026-78592 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory in Kibana Leading to Unauthorized Deletion of Privileged Resources — Kibana 7.3 High 2026-09-01
CVE-2026-61753 NVIDIA Megatron Bridge 路径遍历漏洞 — Megatron Bridge 7.8 High 2026-09-01
CVE-2026-84201 appium-mcp-server through 0.1.61 Path Traversal in write_file and write_files_batch — appium-mcp-server 7.1 High 2026-09-01
CVE-2026-19952 Frontend Admin by DynamiApps <= 3.29.12 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion via Path Traversal via custom_directory_name Merge Tag — Frontend Admin by DynamiApps 7.5 High 2026-09-01
CVE-2026-67395 Sage Employee Self Service 路径遍历漏洞 — Employee Self Service - - 2026-09-01
CVE-2026-82954 Dokploy Settings application.ts writeTraefikConfigInPath path traversal — Dokploy 9.9 Critical 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-82393 pnpm: A tarball dependency's manifest `name` escapes node_modules → arbitrary file write/overwrite on install — pnpm 7.5 High 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-82392 pnpm: Virtual store linker path traversal via unvalidated depPath name in lockfileToDepGraph — pnpm 7.1 High 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-75594 Kirby: Access to image files and limited access to JSON files outside of the site root via path traversal in the media handling — kirby 8.2 High 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-75592 Kirby: Access to image files outside of the site root via path traversal in the media handling — kirby 6.9 Medium 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-61639 Wallos: Zip Slip path traversal in database restore writes files to webroot — Wallos 8.5 High 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-53553 Goploy: Arbitrary File Read via Path Traversal in /deploy/fileDiff allows Remote Server Compromise — goploy 7.7 High 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-79743 MCPHub: Path Traversal via Malicious MCPB Manifest Name — mcphub 6.9 Medium 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-82217 Eclipse Theia 路径遍历漏洞 — Eclipse Theia 8.8 High 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-70449 Apache Wicket: Path traversal in resource style/variation/locale — Apache Wicket - - 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-82877 ILIAS Arbitrary File Read via SOAP addFile — ILIAS 6.5 Medium 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-82665 yaojingang GEOFlow Image Library Cleanup ImageLibraryController.php unlink path traversal — GEOFlow 3.8 Low 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-82673 Path traversal in AshAdmin file uploads via unsanitized client filename — ash_admin 8.3 High 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-82603 SeaCMS Comment Cache member.php del_pl path traversal — SeaCMS 5.4 Medium 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-82599 SeaCMS Avatar Upload member.php unlink path traversal — SeaCMS 5.4 Medium 2026-08-31
CVE-2026-56718 AJCloud AJY IPC Firmware Path Traversal via jdbhttpd — AJY IPC Firmware 7.5 High 2026-08-30
CVE-2026-82656 Admidio before 5.0.12 Path Traversal via Photo ZIP Download — admidio 2.6 Low 2026-08-30
CVE-2026-82635 Pake arbitrary file write via unsanitized download_file filename — Pake 8.8 High 2026-08-30
CVE-2026-82460 Cloud Commander before 19.20.2 Directory Traversal via REST and Markdown — cloudcmd 9.8 Critical 2026-08-29

Vulnerabilities classified as CWE-22 (对路径名的限制不恰当(路径遍历)) represent 5195 CVEs. The CWE taxonomy describes the weakness; review individual CVEs for product-specific impact.