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CWE-77 在命令中使用的特殊元素转义处理不恰当(命令注入) 类漏洞列表 1382

CWE-77 在命令中使用的特殊元素转义处理不恰当(命令注入) 类弱点 1382 条 CVE 漏洞汇总，含 AI 中文分析。

CWE-77即命令注入，属于输入验证缺陷。攻击者通过构造包含特殊字符的恶意输入，篡改后端系统命令，从而执行任意指令或获取敏感数据。开发者应避免直接拼接用户输入，需采用白名单过滤、参数化调用或安全API替代系统命令执行，确保输入被严格限制在预期范围内，从源头阻断注入风险。

MITRE CWE 官方描述
CWE：CWE-77 命令注入（Command Injection）中特殊元素的不当中和 英文：产品使用来自上游组件的外部影响输入来构造命令的全部或部分内容，但在将命令发送给下游组件时，未对可能修改预期命令的特殊元素进行中和，或中和不当。 许多协议和产品拥有其自定义的命令语言。尽管操作系统（OS）或 Shell 命令字符串常被发现并作为攻击目标，但开发人员可能未意识到这些其他命令语言也可能易受攻击。
常见影响 (1)
Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
If a malicious user injects a character (such as a semi-colon) that delimits the end of one command and the beginning of another, it may be possible to then insert an entirely new and unrelated command that was not intended to be executed. This gives an attacker a privilege or capability that they w…
缓解措施 (5)
Architecture and Design If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Implementation If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Implementation Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range…
Operation Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
System Configuration Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
代码示例 (2)
Consider a "CWE Differentiator" application that uses an an LLM generative AI based "chatbot" to explain the difference between two weaknesses. As input, it accepts two CWE IDs, constructs a prompt string, sends the prompt to the chatbot, and prints the results. The prompt string effectively acts as a command to the chatbot component. Assume that invokeChatbot() calls the chatbot and returns the …
prompt = "Explain the difference between {} and {}".format(arg1, arg2) result = invokeChatbot(prompt) resultHTML = encodeForHTML(result) print resultHTML
Bad · Python
Explain the difference between CWE-77 and CWE-78
Informative
Consider the following program. It intends to perform an "ls -l" on an input filename. The validate_name() subroutine performs validation on the input to make sure that only alphanumeric and "-" characters are allowed, which avoids path traversal (CWE-22) and OS command injection (CWE-78) weaknesses. Only filenames like "abc" or "d-e-f" are intended to be allowed.
my $arg = GetArgument("filename"); do_listing($arg); sub do_listing { my($fname) = @_; if (! validate_name($fname)) { print "Error: name is not well-formed!\n"; return; } # build command my $cmd = "/bin/ls -l $fname"; system($cmd); } sub validate_name { my($name) = @_; if ($name =~ /^[\w\-]+$/) { return(1); } else { return(0); } }
Bad · Perl
if ($name =~ /^\w[\w\-]+$/) ...
Good · Perl
CVE ID 标题 CVSS 风险等级 Published
CVE-2025-4999 Linksys FGW3000-AH 注入漏洞 — FGW3000-AH 6.3 Medium 2025-05-20
CVE-2025-4851 TOTOLINK N300RH 注入漏洞 — N300RH 6.3 Medium 2025-05-18
CVE-2025-4850 TOTOLINK N300RH 注入漏洞 — N300RH 6.3 Medium 2025-05-18
CVE-2025-4849 TOTOLINK N300RH 注入漏洞 — N300RH 6.3 Medium 2025-05-18
CVE-2025-4747 Bohua NetDragon Firewall 注入漏洞 — NetDragon Firewall 6.3 Medium 2025-05-16
CVE-2025-4729 TOTOLINK A3002RU和TOTOLINK A3002R 安全漏洞 — A3002R 6.3 Medium 2025-05-15
CVE-2025-32702 Microsoft Visual Studio 命令注入漏洞 — Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 version 16.11 (includes 16.0 - 16.10) 7.8 High 2025-05-13
CVE-2024-12442 EnerSys AMPA 安全漏洞 — AMPA 9.8AI Critical AI 2025-05-09
CVE-2024-11861 EnerSys AMPA 安全漏洞 — AMPA 7.2AI High AI 2025-05-09
CVE-2025-4454 D-Link DIR-619L 注入漏洞 — DIR-619L 6.3 Medium 2025-05-09
CVE-2025-4453 D-Link DIR-619L 注入漏洞 — DIR-619L 6.3 Medium 2025-05-09
CVE-2025-4445 D-Link DIR-605L 安全漏洞 — DIR-605L 6.3 Medium 2025-05-09
CVE-2025-4443 D-Link DIR-605L 安全漏洞 — DIR-605L 6.3 Medium 2025-05-08
CVE-2025-31644 F5 iControl REST和F5 BIG-IP TMOS Shell 命令注入漏洞 — BIG-IP 8.7 High 2025-05-07
CVE-2025-46735 Terraform WinDNS Provider 命令注入漏洞 — terraform-provider-windns 8.8AI High AI 2025-05-06
CVE-2025-22476 Dell Storage Manager 命令注入漏洞 — Dell Storage Center - Dell Storage Manager 5.5 Medium 2025-05-06
CVE-2025-4357 Tenda RX3 安全漏洞 — RX3 4.7 Medium 2025-05-06
CVE-2025-4350 D-Link DIR-600 注入漏洞 — DIR-600L 8.8 High 2025-05-06
CVE-2025-4349 D-Link DIR-600L 注入漏洞 — DIR-600L 8.8 High 2025-05-06
CVE-2025-4341 D-Link DIR-880L 安全漏洞 — DIR-880L 6.3 Medium 2025-05-06
CVE-2025-4340 D-Link DIR-890L和D-Link DIR-806A1 安全漏洞 — DIR-890L 6.3 Medium 2025-05-06
CVE-2025-43844 Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI 命令注入漏洞 — Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI 9.8AI Critical AI 2025-05-05
CVE-2025-43843 Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI 安全漏洞 — Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI 9.8AI Critical AI 2025-05-05
CVE-2025-43842 Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI 安全漏洞 — Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI 9.8AI Critical AI 2025-05-05
CVE-2025-4135 NETGEAR WG302v2 注入漏洞 — WG302v2 6.3 Medium 2025-04-30
CVE-2025-4122 NETGEAR JWNR2000 注入漏洞 — JWNR2000v2 6.3 Medium 2025-04-30
CVE-2025-4121 NETGEAR JWNR2000 注入漏洞 — JWNR2000v2 6.3 Medium 2025-04-30
CVE-2025-4076 LB-LINK BL-AC3600 注入漏洞 — BL-AC3600 6.3 Medium 2025-04-29
CVE-2025-3987 TOTOLINK N150RT 注入漏洞 — N150RT 6.3 Medium 2025-04-27
CVE-2025-3983 AMTT Hotel Broadband Operation System 注入漏洞 — Hotel Broadband Operation System 4.7 Medium 2025-04-27

CWE-77（在命令中使用的特殊元素转义处理不恰当(命令注入)） 是常见的弱点类别，本平台收录该类弱点关联的 1382 条 CVE 漏洞。