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CVE-2025-2559— Org.keycloak/keycloak-services: jwt token cache exhaustion leading to denial of service (dos) in keycloak

Quick assessment

Affected
CVE-2025-2559
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Keycloak是Keycloak开源的一种开源身份和访问管理解决方案。 Keycloak 26.1.4及之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于使用JWT令牌进行身份验证时缓存可能无限增长，可能导致拒绝服务。

CVSS 4.9 · Medium EPSS 0.68% · P50

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1499 · Endpoint Denial of Service

Affected Version Matrix 7

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
None None 23.0.0< 26.0.11 affected
26.1.0< 26.1.5 affected
Red Hat Red Hat Build of Keycloak any unaffected
Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0 26.0.11-2< * unaffected
26.0-12< * unaffected
26.0-13< * unaffected
Red Hat Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 any affected

I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-2559

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
Org.keycloak/keycloak-services: jwt token cache exhaustion leading to denial of service (dos) in keycloak
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
A flaw was found in Keycloak. When the configuration uses JWT tokens for authentication, the tokens are cached until expiration. If a client uses JWT tokens with an excessively long expiration time, for example, 24 or 48 hours, the cache can grow indefinitely, leading to an OutOfMemoryError. This issue could result in a denial of service condition, preventing legitimate users from accessing the system.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
不加限制或调节的资源分配
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Keycloak 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Keycloak是Keycloak开源的一种开源身份和访问管理解决方案。 Keycloak 26.1.4及之前版本存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于使用JWT令牌进行身份验证时缓存可能无限增长，可能导致拒绝服务。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
- - 23.0.0 ~ 26.0.11 -
Red Hat Red Hat Build of Keycloak - cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26
Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0 26.0.11-2 ~ * cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9
Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0 26.0-12 ~ * cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9
Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0 26.0-13 ~ * cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9
Red Hat Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 - cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-2559

# POC Description Source Link Shenlong Link
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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-2559

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-2559 (2)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-2559 (4)

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same weakness: CWE-770

V. Comments for CVE-2025-2559

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