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CVE-2025-37856— btrfs: harden block_group::bg_list against list_del() races

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于btrfs块组列表操作存在竞争条件，可能导致列表操作异常。

CVSS 7.8 · High EPSS 0.27% · P17

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1203 · Exploitation for Client Execution

Affected Version Matrix 16

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux a9f189716cf15913c453299d72f69c51a9b0f86b< bf089c4d1141b27332c092b1dcca5022c415a3b6 affected
a9f189716cf15913c453299d72f69c51a9b0f86b< 909e60fb469d4101c6b08cf6e622efb062bb24a1 affected
a9f189716cf15913c453299d72f69c51a9b0f86b< 185fd73e5ac06027c4be9a129e59193f6a3ef202 affected
a9f189716cf15913c453299d72f69c51a9b0f86b< 7511e29cf1355b2c47d0effb39e463119913e2f6 affected
edf3b5aadb2515c808200b904baa5b70a727f0ac affected
01eca70ef8cf499d0cb6d1bbd691558e7792cf17 affected
5d19abcffd8404078dfa7d7118cec357b5e7bc58 affected
5.15.128< 5.16 affected
… +8 more rows
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-37856

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
btrfs: harden block_group::bg_list against list_del() races
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: harden block_group::bg_list against list_del() races As far as I can tell, these calls of list_del_init() on bg_list cannot run concurrently with btrfs_mark_bg_unused() or btrfs_mark_bg_to_reclaim(), as they are in transaction error paths and situations where the block group is readonly. However, if there is any chance at all of racing with mark_bg_unused(), or a different future user of bg_list, better to be safe than sorry. Otherwise we risk the following interleaving (bg_list refcount in parens) T1 (some random op) T2 (btrfs_mark_bg_unused) !list_empty(&bg->bg_list); (1) list_del_init(&bg->bg_list); (1) list_move_tail (1) btrfs_put_block_group (0) btrfs_delete_unused_bgs bg = list_first_entry list_del_init(&bg->bg_list); btrfs_put_block_group(bg); (-1) Ultimately, this results in a broken ref count that hits zero one deref early and the real final deref underflows the refcount, resulting in a WARNING.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于btrfs块组列表操作存在竞争条件，可能导致列表操作异常。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux a9f189716cf15913c453299d72f69c51a9b0f86b ~ bf089c4d1141b27332c092b1dcca5022c415a3b6 -
Linux Linux 6.5 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-37856

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-37856

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Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-05-09 · 52 CVEs total

CVE-2025-37879 9.8 CRITICAL 9p/net: fix improper handling of bogus negative read/write replies
CVE-2025-37885 8.8 HIGH KVM: x86: Reset IRTE to host control if *new* route isn't postable
CVE-2025-37849 8.8 HIGH KVM: arm64: Tear down vGIC on failed vCPU creation
CVE-2025-37886 7.8 HIGH pds_core: make wait_context part of q_info
CVE-2025-37869 7.8 HIGH drm/xe: Use local fence in error path of xe_migrate_clear
CVE-2025-37854 7.8 HIGH drm/amdkfd: Fix mode1 reset crash issue
CVE-2025-37845 7.8 HIGH tracing: fprobe events: Fix possible UAF on modules
CVE-2025-37882 7.8 HIGH usb: xhci: Fix isochronous Ring Underrun/Overrun event handling
CVE-2025-37861 7.8 HIGH scsi: mpi3mr: Synchronous access b/w reset and tm thread for reply queue
CVE-2025-37873 7.8 HIGH eth: bnxt: fix missing ring index trim on error path
CVE-2025-37871 7.5 HIGH nfsd: decrease sc_count directly if fail to queue dl_recall
CVE-2025-37887 7.1 HIGH pds_core: handle unsupported PDS_CORE_CMD_FW_CONTROL result
CVE-2025-37876 7.0 HIGH netfs: Only create /proc/fs/netfs with CONFIG_PROC_FS
CVE-2025-37888 net/mlx5: Fix null-ptr-deref in mlx5_create_{inner_,}ttc_table()
CVE-2025-37878 perf/core: Fix WARN_ON(!ctx) in __free_event() for partial init
CVE-2025-37874 net: ngbe: fix memory leak in ngbe_probe() error path
CVE-2025-37872 net: txgbe: fix memory leak in txgbe_probe() error path
CVE-2025-37870 drm/amd/display: prevent hang on link training fail
CVE-2025-37868 drm/xe/userptr: fix notifier vs folio deadlock
CVE-2025-37867 RDMA/core: Silence oversized kvmalloc() warning

Showing top 20 of 52 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-37856

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