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CVE-2025-40041— LoongArch: BPF: Sign-extend struct ops return values properly

Quick assessment

Affected
Linux Linux
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于BPF结构操作返回值未正确进行符号扩展，可能导致内核崩溃。

CVSS 7.8 · High EPSS 0.15% · P4

Possible ATT&CK Techniques 1 AI

T1059 · Command and Scripting Interpreter

Affected Version Matrix 6

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
Linux Linux 6abf17d690d83d25f6d00a1a2cd3553c7d20c2d8< 9f3169bb3c2967166b4f4433cf152a84f3eb95d0 affected
6abf17d690d83d25f6d00a1a2cd3553c7d20c2d8< 8b51b11b3d81c1ed48a52f87da9256d737b723a0 affected
6.17 affected
< 6.17 unaffected
6.17.3≤ 6.17.* unaffected
6.18≤ * unaffected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2025-40041

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
LoongArch: BPF: Sign-extend struct ops return values properly
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: LoongArch: BPF: Sign-extend struct ops return values properly The ns_bpf_qdisc selftest triggers a kernel panic: Oops[#1]: CPU 0 Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 0000000000741d58, era == 90000000851b5ac0, ra == 90000000851b5aa4 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 449 Comm: test_progs Tainted: G OE 6.16.0+ #3 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE Hardware name: QEMU QEMU Virtual Machine, BIOS unknown 2/2/2022 pc 90000000851b5ac0 ra 90000000851b5aa4 tp 90000001076b8000 sp 90000001076bb600 a0 0000000000741ce8 a1 0000000000000001 a2 90000001076bb5c0 a3 0000000000000008 a4 90000001004c4620 a5 9000000100741ce8 a6 0000000000000000 a7 0100000000000000 t0 0000000000000010 t1 0000000000000000 t2 9000000104d24d30 t3 0000000000000001 t4 4f2317da8a7e08c4 t5 fffffefffc002f00 t6 90000001004c4620 t7 ffffffffc61c5b3d t8 0000000000000000 u0 0000000000000001 s9 0000000000000050 s0 90000001075bc800 s1 0000000000000040 s2 900000010597c400 s3 0000000000000008 s4 90000001075bc880 s5 90000001075bc8f0 s6 0000000000000000 s7 0000000000741ce8 s8 0000000000000000 ra: 90000000851b5aa4 __qdisc_run+0xac/0x8d8 ERA: 90000000851b5ac0 __qdisc_run+0xc8/0x8d8 CRMD: 000000b0 (PLV0 -IE -DA +PG DACF=CC DACM=CC -WE) PRMD: 00000004 (PPLV0 +PIE -PWE) EUEN: 00000007 (+FPE +SXE +ASXE -BTE) ECFG: 00071c1d (LIE=0,2-4,10-12 VS=7) ESTAT: 00010000 [PIL] (IS= ECode=1 EsubCode=0) BADV: 0000000000741d58 PRID: 0014c010 (Loongson-64bit, Loongson-3A5000) Modules linked in: bpf_testmod(OE) [last unloaded: bpf_testmod(OE)] Process test_progs (pid: 449, threadinfo=000000009af02b3a, task=00000000e9ba4956) Stack : 0000000000000000 90000001075bc8ac 90000000869524a8 9000000100741ce8 90000001075bc800 9000000100415300 90000001075bc8ac 0000000000000000 900000010597c400 900000008694a000 0000000000000000 9000000105b59000 90000001075bc800 9000000100741ce8 0000000000000050 900000008513000c 9000000086936000 0000000100094d4c fffffff400676208 0000000000000000 9000000105b59000 900000008694a000 9000000086bf0dc0 9000000105b59000 9000000086bf0d68 9000000085147010 90000001075be788 0000000000000000 9000000086bf0f98 0000000000000001 0000000000000010 9000000006015840 0000000000000000 9000000086be6c40 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 4f2317da8a7e08c4 0000000000000101 4f2317da8a7e08c4 ... Call Trace: [<90000000851b5ac0>] __qdisc_run+0xc8/0x8d8 [<9000000085130008>] __dev_queue_xmit+0x578/0x10f0 [<90000000853701c0>] ip6_finish_output2+0x2f0/0x950 [<9000000085374bc8>] ip6_finish_output+0x2b8/0x448 [<9000000085370b24>] ip6_xmit+0x304/0x858 [<90000000853c4438>] inet6_csk_xmit+0x100/0x170 [<90000000852b32f0>] __tcp_transmit_skb+0x490/0xdd0 [<90000000852b47fc>] tcp_connect+0xbcc/0x1168 [<90000000853b9088>] tcp_v6_connect+0x580/0x8a0 [<90000000852e7738>] __inet_stream_connect+0x170/0x480 [<90000000852e7a98>] inet_stream_connect+0x50/0x88 [<90000000850f2814>] __sys_connect+0xe4/0x110 [<90000000850f2858>] sys_connect+0x18/0x28 [<9000000085520c94>] do_syscall+0x94/0x1a0 [<9000000083df1fb8>] handle_syscall+0xb8/0x158 Code: 4001ad80 2400873f 2400832d <240073cc> 001137ff 001133ff 6407b41f 001503cc 0280041d ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- The bpf_fifo_dequeue prog returns a skb which is a pointer. The pointer is treated as a 32bit value and sign extend to 64bit in epilogue. This behavior is right for most bpf prog types but wrong for struct ops which requires LoongArch ABI. So let's sign extend struct ops return values according to the LoongArch ABI ([1]) and return value spec in function model. [1]: https://loongson.github.io/LoongArch-Documentation/LoongArch-ELF-ABI-EN.html
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Linux kernel 安全漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Linux kernel是美国Linux基金会的开源操作系统Linux所使用的内核。 Linux kernel存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于BPF结构操作返回值未正确进行符号扩展，可能导致内核崩溃。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
Linux Linux 6abf17d690d83d25f6d00a1a2cd3553c7d20c2d8 ~ 9f3169bb3c2967166b4f4433cf152a84f3eb95d0 -
Linux Linux 6.17 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2025-40041

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2025-40041

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2025-40041 (1)

Same Patch Batch · Linux · 2025-10-28 · 58 CVEs total

CVE-2025-40074 9.8 CRITICAL ipv4: start using dst_dev_rcu()
CVE-2025-40043 8.8 HIGH net: nfc: nci: Add parameter validation for packet data
CVE-2025-40039 8.8 HIGH ksmbd: Fix race condition in RPC handle list access
CVE-2025-40058 8.8 HIGH iommu/vt-d: Disallow dirty tracking if incoherent page walk
CVE-2025-40046 8.6 HIGH io_uring/zcrx: fix overshooting recv limit
CVE-2025-40068 8.4 HIGH fs: ntfs3: Fix integer overflow in run_unpack()
CVE-2025-40075 8.1 HIGH tcp_metrics: use dst_dev_net_rcu()
CVE-2025-40026 7.9 HIGH KVM: x86: Don't (re)check L1 intercepts when completing userspace I/O
CVE-2025-40044 7.8 HIGH fs: udf: fix OOB read in lengthAllocDescs handling
CVE-2025-40054 7.8 HIGH f2fs: fix UAF issue in f2fs_merge_page_bio()
CVE-2025-40045 7.8 HIGH ASoC: codecs: wcd937x: set the comp soundwire port correctly
CVE-2025-40047 7.8 HIGH io_uring/waitid: always prune wait queue entry in io_waitid_wait()
CVE-2025-40051 7.8 HIGH vhost: vringh: Modify the return value check
CVE-2025-40025 7.8 HIGH f2fs: fix to do sanity check on node footer for non inode dnode
CVE-2025-40061 7.8 HIGH RDMA/rxe: Fix race in do_task() when draining
CVE-2025-40064 7.8 HIGH smc: Fix use-after-free in __pnet_find_base_ndev().
CVE-2025-40067 7.8 HIGH fs/ntfs3: reject index allocation if $BITMAP is empty but blocks exist
CVE-2025-40069 7.8 HIGH drm/msm: Fix obj leak in VM_BIND error path
CVE-2025-40079 7.8 HIGH riscv, bpf: Sign extend struct ops return values properly
CVE-2025-40081 7.8 HIGH perf: arm_spe: Prevent overflow in PERF_IDX2OFF()

Showing top 20 of 58 CVEs. View all on vendor page &rarr; →

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: Linux
Same vendor: Linux

V. Comments for CVE-2025-40041

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