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CVE-2026-10648— NULL-pointer dereference in MCUmgr serial/console SMP transport on buffer-pool exhaustion

Quick assessment

Affected
zephyrproject zephyr
Exploitation
No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation; assess based on exposure
Recommended action
Check the vendor advisory and references for a fixed version. If immediate upgrade is impossible, restrict exposure and increase monitoring.

Zephyr是Zephyr组织开源的一个可扩展的实时操作系统 (RTOS)。 Zephyr存在异常处理不当漏洞，该漏洞源于对空指针的检查顺序问题，可能导致攻击者通过串行/控制台链路发送恶意字节数据，耗尽缓冲区池，触发空指针取消引用，造成拒绝服务。

CVSS 6.2 · Medium EPSS 0.15% · P4

Affected Version Matrix 1

VendorProduct Version RangeStatus
zephyrproject zephyr 4.4.0< 4.5.0 affected
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I. Basic Information for CVE-2026-10648

Vulnerability Information
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Vulnerability Title
NULL-pointer dereference in MCUmgr serial/console SMP transport on buffer-pool exhaustion
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Description
mcumgr_serial_process_frag() in subsys/mgmt/mcumgr/transport/src/serial_util.c calls net_buf_reset() on the result of smp_packet_alloc() before checking it for NULL. smp_packet_alloc() uses net_buf_alloc(K_NO_WAIT) against the shared MCUmgr packet pool (CONFIG_MCUMGR_TRANSPORT_NETBUF_COUNT, default 4), which returns NULL when the pool is exhausted. In default builds the __ASSERT_NO_MSG in net_buf_reset is a no-op, so net_buf_simple_reset writes through the NULL pointer (buf->len = 0; buf->data = buf->__buf), causing a fault/crash. The fragment data reaches this code from attacker-controlled bytes on the MCUmgr serial/UART/shell-console transports (smp_uart.c, smp_raw_uart.c, smp_shell.c), and a fresh buffer is allocated at the start of essentially every new packet. An attacker on the serial/console link can flood the transport to drive the 4-entry buffer pool to exhaustion and induce the NULL dereference, crashing the device (denial of service). The defect was introduced after the original MCUmgr rework and shipped in Zephyr v4.4.0. The fix moves the NULL check ahead of net_buf_reset.
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
CVSS Information
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Type
空指针解引用
Source: CVE Program / CVE List V5
Vulnerability Title
Zephyr 异常处理不当漏洞
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Description
Zephyr是Zephyr组织开源的一个可扩展的实时操作系统 (RTOS)。 Zephyr存在异常处理不当漏洞，该漏洞源于对空指针的检查顺序问题，可能导致攻击者通过串行/控制台链路发送恶意字节数据，耗尽缓冲区池，触发空指针取消引用，造成拒绝服务。
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
CVSS Information
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)
Vulnerability Type
N/A
Source: CNNVD (China National Vulnerability Database)

Affected Products

Vendor Product Affected Versions CPE Subscribe
zephyrproject zephyr 4.4.0 ~ 4.5.0 -

II. Public POCs for CVE-2026-10648

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III. Intelligence Information for CVE-2026-10648

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Patches & Fixes for CVE-2026-10648 (1)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-10648 (1)

Same Patch Batch · zephyrproject · 2026-06-29 · 4 CVEs total

CVE-2026-7656 8.1 HIGH Broken IPv6 Neighbor Discovery input validation allows spoofed RA/NS/NA acceptance in Zeph
CVE-2026-8023 7.5 HIGH Path traversal in Zephyr HTTP server static-filesystem resource handler allows unauthentic
CVE-2026-10647 5.3 MEDIUM Deadlock denial of service in USB CDC-NCM device class on TX enqueue failure

IV. Related Vulnerabilities

Same product: zephyr
Same vendor: zephyrproject
Same weakness: CWE-476

V. Comments for CVE-2026-10648

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